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However, overall, there was no significant difference between the groups in relation to cell proliferation. Cell migration was significantly higher in the serum and PRP groups, and closure of a cell-free area was significantly faster in the PRP group. This study indicates that PRP shows promise as an aid to corneal healing in horses.
Guided injection of the DDFT using MRI
In this experimental study Lauren Groom and colleagues in the USA investigated the accuracy of open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for guiding injection of the equine deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) within the hoof. The authors hypothesised that injection of the distal DDFT
within the hoof could be accurately guided using open low- field MRI to target either the lateral or medial lobe at a specific location. This technique could be performed in standing
patients. Ten cadaver limbs were positioned in an open, low- field MRI unit. Each distal DDFT lobe was assigned to have a proximal (adjacent to the proximal aspect of the navicular bursa) or distal (adjacent to the navicular bone) injection. A titanium needle was inserted into each tendon lobe, guided by T1-weighted transverse images acquired simultaneously during injection. Coloured dye was injected as a marker and post- injection MRI and gross sections were assessed. The success of injection as evaluated on gross section was 85% (70% proximal, 100% distal). The success of injection as evaluated by MRI was 65% (60% proximal, 70% distal). There was no significant difference between the success of injecting the medial versus lateral lobe. The major limitation of this study was the use of cadaver limbs with normal tendons. The authors concluded that injection of the distal DDFT within the hoof is possible using MRI guidance.
Safety of 1% atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution
The objective of this study by Rita Wehrman and colleagues in the USA was to determine the safety of topical administration of 1% atropine ophthalmic solution in healthy horses by objectively measuring gastrointestinal transit time. The six horses in this study were randomly assigned (3 per
group) to first receive topical treatment of the left eye with 1% atropine or artificial tears solution; the right eye was left untreated. After 24 h of treatment every 6 h, 200 nontoxic beads were administered to each horse via nasogastric intubation and treatment frequency was decreased to every 12 h for four more days. Pupillary light reflexes (PLRs), mydriasis, heart rate, faecal bead passage, abdominal girth measurements, auscultable gut sounds, faecal weight, and clinical signs of abdominal pain were monitored. Following a 4-week washout period, horses received the opposite treatment in the left eye and measurements were repeated. Serum atropine concentration (reflecting systemic absorption) was measured with an ELISA at various points after initial atropine administration.
No horse had subjective or objective evidence of colic or
ileus at any monitoring point. Complete mydriasis of the left eye with absence of the PLR was identified in five horses within 6 h and in all six horses within 12 h after initial atropine administration. One horse had mydriasis with an absent PLR in the untreated eye by Day 5 of atropine treatment. At no point was atropine detected in serum samples of any horse. Topical atropine application at clinically appropriate doses induced no evidence of ileus in healthy horses.
Peritoneal fluid lactate levels in horses with small intestinal disease
In this retrospective study Tara Shearer and colleagues in the USA reported the peritoneal fluid lactate (PFL) levels in horses diagnosed with nonstrangulating small intestinal (NSSI) lesions and compared those values to horses diagnosed with strangulating small intestinal (SSI) lesions. Subject details, presenting clinical findings, and disease
category (strangulating/NSSI lesion) were obtained from a review ofmedical records between 2005 and
2016.Comparison of SSI lesions to NSSI lesions revealed no significant difference in PFL values. However, horses with SSI lesions had significantly higher peritoneal fluid lactate:blood lactate ratios and were more likely to have serosanguinous peritoneal fluid colour than those with NSSI lesions.
S. WRIGHT EVE Editorial Office References
Groom, L.M., White, N.A. 2nd, Adams, M.N. and Barrett, J.G. (2017) Accuracy of open magnetic resonance imaging for guiding injection of the equine deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound. 58, 671-678.
Hoerdemann, M., Smith, R.L. and Hosgood, G. (2017) Duration of action of mepivacaine and lidocaine in equine palmar digital perineural blocks in an experimental lameness model. Vet. Surg. 46, 986-993.
Rosanowski, S.M., MacEoin, F., Graham, R.J.T.Y. and Riggs, C.M. (2017) Open standing castration in Thoroughbred racehorses in Hong Kong: Prevalence and severity of complications 30 days post- castration. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print;
https://doi.org/10. 1111/evj.12758.
Rushton, J.O., Kammergruber, E., Tichy, A., Egerbacher, M., Nell, B. and Gabner, S. (2017) Effects of three blood derived products on equine corneal cells, an in vitro study. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print;
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12770.
Scott Smith, S. (2017) In adult horses with septic peritonitis, does peritoneal lavage combined with antibiotic therapy compared to antibiotic therapy alone improve survival rates? Vet. Evid. 2,4.
Shearer, T.R., Norby, B. and Carr, E.A. (2017) Peritoneal fluid lactate evaluation in horses with nonstrangulating versus strangulating small intestinal disease. J. Equine. Vet. Sci. 61, 18-21.
Wehrman, R.F., Gemensky-Metzler, A.J., Zibura, A.E., Nyhart, A.B. and Chandler, H.L. (2017) Objective evaluation of the systemic effects of topical application of 1% atropine sulfate ophthalmic solution in healthy horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 251, 1324-1330.
© 2017 EVJ Ltd
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