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enteropathy, malabsorption and diarrhoea (Okpara et al. 2009). Eosinophils were reported in peritoneal fluid in 4/6 (67%) of horses presenting with IFEE (Southwood et al. 2000). Eosinophil levels were not measured in the peritoneal fluid in this series. Since eosinophils are not normally identified in the peritoneal fluid of healthy horses or horses with simple or strangulating intestinal obstructions, it would be interesting to see whether peritoneal fluid analysis could be used to predict the likelihood of the presence of a focal eosinophilic lesion.


Conclusions


The visual and histological features of focal eosinophilic lesions of the small colon causing intestinal obstruction are similar to those previously described in both the large colon (Edwards et al. 2000) and small intestine (Archer et al. 2006; M€


Archer, D.C., Costain, D.A. and Sherlock, C. (2015) Idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis (IFEE), an emerging cause of abdominal pain in horses: the effect of age, time and geographical location on risk. PLoS ONE 9, e112072.


Bertone, A.L., Stashak, T.S. and Sullins, K.E. (1986) Large colon resection and anastomosis in horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 188, 612-617.


de Bont, M.P., Proudman, C.J. and Archer, D.C. (2013) Surgical lesions of the small colon and post-operative survival in a UK hospital population. Equine Vet. J. 45, 460-464.


Box, J.C., Tucker, J., Watne, A.L. and Lucas, G. (1997) Eosinophilic colitis presenting as a left-sided colocolonic intussusception with secondary large bowel obstruction: An uncommon entity with a rare presentation. Am. Surg. 63, 741-743.


Edwards, G.B. (1992) A review of 38 cases of small colon obstruction in the horse . Equine Vet. J. 13, 42-50.


akinen et al. 2008). However, the primary difference between lesions in the small and large colons and those that occur in the small intestine appears to be in the degree of mucosal and serosal necrosis. Eosinophilic colitis lesions are rare but should be considered as a potential cause of obstruction of the small colon, which may progress to development of septic peritonitis. Surgical resection of these lesions can result in a successful outcome. The underlying cause of focal eosinophilic lesions affecting the equine small intestine, large and small colon has not been determined and further research is required.


Authors’ declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.


Ethical animal research


This retrospective study was approved by the hospital ethical review committee. Owners of all horses admitted to the hospital are asked to sign informed consent forms where they have the option to opt out of using their horse’s details for clinical research.


Source of funding No sources of funding.


Authorship


Study design, execution and manuscript preparation was performed by M. de Bont and D. Archer. Histopathological examination was by A. Malbon and R. Blundell. All authors contributed to manuscript revisions. The final manuscript was approved by all authors.


Antimicrobial stewardship policy


Antimicrobial usage in this study was in line with current recommendations.


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