■ Wear double gloves and consider Kevlar gloves if available to prevent accidental exposure ● Innermost pair—latex or other disposable gloves ● Outermost pair—substantial waterproof gloves (Playtex kitchen gloves) long enough for gown sleeves to be tucked inside


■ Wear a face shield or goggles to protect mucous membranes. ■ Wear a disposable KN95 or ‘half mask’ HEPA respirator (3M 8293) to avoid aerosol exposure. Appropriate fit testing to use a respirator is recommended.


If a definitive diagnosis is not achieved: ● Maintain biosecurity measures for 21-28 days after onset of last clinical case


● Consult infectious disease expert Cerebrospinal Fluid Interpretation Chart EEE WEE WNV Rabies


Protein Conc


Total Nucleate d Cell count


Cell Type


P, L Color


Normal to xantho- chromic


Normal or ↑


Normal or ↑


Normal or ↑


EHV


Botulis m


N EPM Parasite


Normal or ↑


Bacterial meningiti s


Neuroborrelio sis


Normal or ↑


Normal or ↑


Normal or ↑


N


N


Normal or ↑


Normal or ↑


L


L


Normal to xantho- chromic ho


N = Normal


L


Normal to xantho- chromic


P = PMN


L


Normal to xantho- chromic


L = Lymphocyte M = Monocyte


N


L


P, E


N


Normal to cloudy


P, L


Normal to xanthochromic


E= Eosinophil


References 1. Devriendt N, Or M, Meyer E et al. Comparative accuracy and precision of two commercial laboratory analyzers for the quantification of ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2020; 49:119-124.


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