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EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / APRIL 2018


185


temperatures. Compression suits are standard of care in human patients and the human burn specialist noted they seemed to be as good as those used in people. The use of cooling fans and occasional oral reserpine helped with the pruritus, which lasted for a few weeks. Coronary band effusion was noted on the first day;


separation to some degree occurred in most of the horses over the first week, but it was quite severe in three horses. The coronary band separation resulted in abnormal hoof growth until the hoof grew out at about 6 months. When the old hoof was nearly replaced, two horses exhibited lameness, which coincided with winter rain and mild abscessation in some feet. We are of the opinion that the thickened hoof wall distal to the coronary band protected the majority of the laminae from thermal injury. We hope that the information we have shared from


our experience will assist other veterinary specialists to care for horses caught in wild fires; many of these methods possibly could be modified for similar large animals such as cattle. Some rural fires necessitate alternate approaches to immediate triage and the type of fire leads to patterns of fire damage and treatments somewhat different from a typical barn fire. Lessons learned are summarised in Table 2.


Author’s declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.


Ethical animal research Not applicable.


Source of funding


The care of these horses was through a GoFundme donation plan. The preparation of this submission was totally funded by the author.


Authorship


The author was the primary and mostly sole veterinarian overseeing the horses, and the manuscript was prepared by the author.


Manufacturers' addresses


1Norbrook Laboratories Pty Ltd., Tullamarine, Victoria, Australia. 2Jurox Rutherford, New South Wales, Australia. 3Pfizer, West Ryde, New South Wales, Australia. 4Smith & Nephew, Waverley, Victoria, Australia. 5Baxter, Toongabbie, New South Wales, Australia. 6REM Systems, Ryde, New South Wales, Australia. 7Axon Animal Health, Belrose, New South Wales, Australia. 8International Animal Health Products, Huntingwood, New South


Wales, Australia. 9Aloe Vera Australia, West End, Queensland, Australia. 10Troy Laboratories Pty Ltd, Glendenning, New South Wales, Australia. 11Amway of Australia, Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia. 12Signet, Padstow, New South Wales, Australia. 13BSN Medical Rutherford College, North Carolina, USA. 14Independence, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 15Ceva Animal Health, Glenorie, New South Wales, Australia. 16Livingston International, Rosebury, New South Wales, Australia. 17Hidez Australia, Windsor, New South Wales, Australia. 18Merial Australia Pty Ltd, Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia.


19Randlab Veterinary Medicines, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, Australia.


References


Adam, E.N. (2012) How to cope with barn fires. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Practnrs. 58, 189-193.


Al-Waili, N.S. (2004) Investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural honey and its effects on the pathogenic bacterial infections of surgical wounds and conjunctiva. J. Medicinal Food 7, 210-222.


Bischofberger, A.S., Dart, C.M., Perkins, N.R. and Dart, A.J. (2011) A preliminary study on the effect of manuka honey on second- intention healing of contaminated wounds on the distal aspect of the forelimbs of horses. Vet. Surg. 40, 898-902.


Bischofberger, A.S., Dart, C.M., Perkins, N.R., Kelly, A., Jeffcott, L. and Dart, A.J. (2013) The effect of short- and long-term treatment with manuka honey on second intention healing of contaminated and noncontaminated wounds on the distal aspect of the forelimbs in horses. Vet. Surg. 42, 154-160.


Cuttle, L., Pearn, J., McMillan, J.R. and Kimble, R.M. (2009) A review of first aid treatments for burn injuries. Burns 35, 768-775.


Fuller, F.W. (2009) The side effects of silver sulfadiazine. J. Burn Care & Res. 30, 464-470.


Geiser, D.R. and Walker, R.D. (1984) Management of thermal injuries in large animals. Vet. Clin. N. Am 6, 91-105.


Geor, R. and Ames, T. (1991) Smoke inhalation injury in horses. Comp. Cont. Educ. Pract. Vet. 13, 1162-1168.


Hanson, R.R. (2005) Management of burn injuries in the horse. Vet. Clin. N. Am 21, 105-123.


Hanson, R.R. (2008) Equine Wound Management, 2nd edn., Wiley- Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa.


Hanson, R., Gaughan, E.M., Grenager, N.S. and Gasiorowski, J.C. (2013) Burns, Acute Soft Tissue Swellings, Pigeon Fever, and Fasciotomy, Saunders, St Louis, Missouri.


Heislers, C. (2009) Victorian Bushfires 2009 Obervations.


Herbert, E.W. and Meyer, J. (2016) The benefits of an established social media presence before a disaster strikes. Proc. Am. Asss. Equine Practnrs. 62, 567-571.


Heyneman, A., Hoeksema, H., Vandekerckhove, D., Pirayesh, A. and Monstrey, S. (2016) The role of silver sulphadiazine in the conservative treatment of partial thickness burn wounds: a systematic review. Burns 42, 1377-1386.


Kemper, T., Spier, S., Barratt-Boyes, S.M. and Hoffman, R. (1993) Treatment of smoke inhalation in five horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 202, 91-94.


Kuckelkorn, R., Schrage, N., Keller, G. and Redbrake, C. (2002) Emergency treatment of chemical and thermal eye burns. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 80, 4-10.


Kunkely, H. and Vogler, A. (2007) Photoproperties of silver sulfadiazine. Inorganic Chem. Comm. 10, 226-228.


Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S. and Konqkaew, C. (2007) The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. Burns 33, 713-718.


Malik, K.I., Malik, M.A.N. and Aslam, A. (2010) Honey compared with silver sulphadiazine in the treatment of superficial partial-thickness burns. Int. Wound J. 7, 413-417.


Marsh, P.S. (2007) Fire and smoke inhalation injury in horses. Vet. Clin. N. Am 23, 19-30.


Mathews, N.S. and Carroll, G.L. (2007) Review of equine analgesics and pain management. In: 53rd Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners - AAEP, 2007 - Orlando, FL, USA. Internet Publisher: International Veterinary Information Service, Orlando, FL. Ithaca NY (www.ivis.org), P8142.1207, pp 240-244. American Association of Equine Practitioners, Orlando, FL.


Moyer, W., Bissett, W., Espitia, N., Zoran, D., Howe, L. and Clendenin, A. (2013) Veterinarians addressing local, state, and federal challenges in man-made or natural disasters. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Practnrs. 59, 131-134.


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