EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / APRIL 2018
199
Molecular techniques
Depending on the bacterial load present in bronchial washings or other clinical specimens polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be a useful tool for the rapid and direct detection of M. bovis. Tuberculosis can, however, not be ruled out based on a negative test result, and even histopathological evaluation has imperfect sensitivity. In these cases, both the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis can be greatly enhanced by subjecting DNA extracted from histopathological granulomatous like lesions to PCR.
Strain typing
Isolation and genetic characterisation of the causative M. bovis strain, for example, by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing offers a valuable tool for tracing back sources of bTB outbreaks in domestic and wild animals and for studying the transmission between animal species (Hlokwe et al. 2013). Although not performed in the present case study, the isolation of M. bovis from the pony would have allowed for strain comparison with the bTB infection in the cattle on the adjacent property and for potential confirmation of the source of infection.
Authors’ declarations of interest No conflicts of interest have been declared.
Ethical animal research Not applicable.
Source of funding None.
Authorship D. Sutton was the first author with further input from A. Michel.
References
Charlesworth, V. (2018) Multisystemic bovine mycobacteriosis in a pony with neurological signs and weight loss. Equine Vet. Educ. Epub ahead of print; 30, 192-196.
Gazi, M.A., Islam, M.R., Kibria, M.G. and Mahmud, Z. (2015) General and advanced diagnostic tools to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their drug susceptibility: a review. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 34, 851-861.
Hlokwe, T.M., van Helden, P. and Michel, A. (2013) Evaluation of the discriminatory power of variable number of tandem repeat typing of Mycobacterium bovis isolates from southern Africa. Transbound Emerg. Dis. 60, 111-120.
Hlokwe, T., Sutton, D., Page, P. and Michel, A.L. (2016) Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis causing pulmonary tuberculosis and epistaxis in a Thoroughbred horse. BMC Vet. Res. 12, 179-183.
Keck, N., Dutruel, H., Smyej, F., Nodet, M. and Boschiroli, M.L. (2010) Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in a Camargue horse. Vet. Rec. 166, 499-500.
Konyha, L.D. and Kreier, J.P. (1971) The significance of tuberculin tests in the horse. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 103, 91-99.
Krejci, J. (1958) Tuberculosis in horses. Veterinarstvi. 8, 464-467.
Kriz, P., Jahn, P., Bezdekova, B., Blahutkova, M., Mrlik, V., Slana, I. and Pavlik, I. (2010) Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection in horses. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16, 1328-1329.
Lyashchenko, K.P., Greenwald, R., Esfandiari, J., Lecu, A., Waters, W.R., Posthaus, H., Bodmer, T., Janssens, J.P., Aloisio, F., Graubner, C., Grosclaude, E. and Piersigilli, A. (2012) Pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a horse: zoonotic concerns and limitations of ante mortem testing. Vet. Med. Int. 2012, 642145.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/642145.
McFarlane, D. (2011) Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. 27, 93-113.
McFarlane, D., Hale, G.M., Johnson, E.M. and Maxwell, L.K. (2010) Fecal egg counts after anthelmintic administration to aged horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 236, 330-334.
McFarlane, D., Hill, K. and Anton, J. (2015) Neutrophil function in healthy aged horses and horses with pituitary dysfunction. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 165, 99-106.
Michel, A.L., Lane, E.P., de Klerk-Lorist, L.-M., Hofmeyr, M., van der Heijden, E.M.D.L., Botha, L., van Helden, P., Miller, M. and Buss, P. (2017) Experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection in three white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum): susceptibility, clinical and anatomical pathology. PLoS ONE 12, e0179943.
M€
onki, J.A.K., Hewetson, M., Hahn, S., Vainio, K.T. and Skrzypczak, T. (2016) Disseminated alimentary mycobacteriosis in the horse: a retrospective study of nine cases. Equine Vet. Educ. 28, 614-622.
Monreal, L., Segura, D., Segal es, J., Garrido, J.M. and Prades, M.
(2001) Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in a mare. Vet. Rec. 149, 712-714.
O’Reilly, L.M. and Daborn, C.J. (1995) The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in animals and man: a review. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 76, 1-46.
Pavlik, I., Jahn, P., Dvorska, L., Bartos, M., Novotny, L. and Halouzka, R. (2004) Mycobacterial infections in horses: a review of the literature. Veterinarni Medicina-UZPI (Czech Republic) 11, 427-440.
Pavlik, I., Jahn, P., Moravkova, M., Matlova, L., Treml, F., Cizek, A., Nesnalova, E., Dvorska-Bartosova, L. and Halouzka, R. (2008) Lung tuberculosis in a horse caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium of serotype 2: a case report. Vet. Med. Czech 53, 111.
Posthaus, H., Bodmer, T., Oevermann, A., Schiller, I., Rhodes, S.G. and Zimmerli, S. (2011) Accidental infection of veterinary personnel with Mycobacterium tuberculosis at necropsy: A case study. Vet. Microbiol. 149, 374-380.
Raftery, A.G., Berman, K.G. and Sutton, D.G.M. (2015) Severe eosinophilic cholangiohepatitis due to fluke infestation in a pony in Scotland. Equine Vet. Educ. 29, 196-201.
Randleff-Rasmussen, P.K., Mosca, M., Knoerr, F., Pin, D. and Desjardins, I. (2017) Successful medical treatment of an Aspergillus terreus mycetoma of the nostril/lip in a 16-year-old Fjord pony gelding with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Vet. Dermatol.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12471.
Sarradell, J.E., Alvarez, J., Biscia, M., Zumarraga, M., Wunschmann, A., Armien, A.G. and Perez, A.M. (2015) Mycobacterium bovis infection in a horse with granulomatous enterocolitis. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 27, 203-205.
WHO (2009) Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2009, World Health Organisation, Geneva.
© 2017 EVJ Ltd
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80
