TABLE 1: Summary of findings in 10 equine monorchids Spermatic structures identified at surgery Breed 1 Arab X


Age/ years


3 2 Connemara 5 3 Clydesdale 3 4 Welsh pony 7 5 Cob X


6 Shetland pony


3 2 7 Unknown 1 8 Warmblood 2


9 New Forest pony


10 Arab X 12 4


Absent testicle


Right Left


Inguinal ultrasound


Yes Yes Right No Left Left Yes Yes Right No Left Left Left Left No Yes No No


* Exploratory surgery prior to standing laparoscopy. , absent; +, present; AMH, anti-M€


Surgical approach


Unilateral laparoscopy Unilateral laparoscopy Unilateral laparoscopy* Unilateral laparoscopy* Bilateral laparoscopy


Paramedian laparoscopy


Paramedian laparoscopy


Parainguinal laparoscopy


Parainguinal laparoscopy


Ventral midline laparoscopy


+ U  ++ +


+   + U


++ + ++ + ++ + ullerian hormone; hCG, human chorionic gonadotrophin; U, unknown. + + + +  


 +


+ hCG stim test hCG stim test hCG stim test Serum


oestrone sulphate


hCG stim test Result lost to follow-up


<0.05 nmol/L <0.05 nmol/L <0.1 nmol/L 0.01 ng/mL ++ + + + + U ++ U


 +


++ + + + +


hCG stim test Result lost to follow-up


Not done Not done – –


Vaginal process


Ligament of the tail of the epididymis


Epididymis Head Tail


+


Ductus deferens


+   + ++ +


+


Testicular vessels


 +


Post-op hormone test Result


Serum AMH 0.1 pg/L hCG stim test <0.05 nmol/L


434


EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / AUGUST 2020


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