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FRANK J. MILNE STATE-OF-THE-ART LECTURE


56. Young LE, Helwegen MM, Rogers K, et al. Associations between exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage, right ventricular dimensions and atrioventricular valve regurgi- tation in conditioned national hunt racehorses. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006:193–197.


57. Lightfoot G, Jose-Cunilleras E, Rogers K, et al. An echo- cardiographic and auscultation study of right heart re- sponses to training in young national hunt Thoroughbred horses. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006;38:153–158.


58. Sage AM, Valberg S, Hayden DW, et al. Echocardiography in a horse with cor pulmonale from recurrent airway ob- struction. J Vet Intern Med 2006;20:694–696.


59. Johansson AM, Gardner SY, Atkins CE, et al. Cardiovascu- lar effects of acute pulmonary obstruction in horses with re- current airway obstruction. J Vet Intern Med 2007;21:302– 307.


60. Blissitt KJ, Bonagura JD. Colour flow Doppler echocardi- ography in horses with cardiac murmurs. Equine Vet J Suppl 1995:82–85.


61. Gardner SY, Reef VB, Spencer PA. Ultrasonographic evalu- ation of horses with thrombophlebitis of the jugular vein: 46 cases (1985–1988). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991;199:370–373.


62. Helwegen MM, Young LE, Rogers K, et al. Measurements of right ventricular internal dimensions and their relation- ships to severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation in national hunt Thoroughbreds. Equine Vet J Suppl 2016:171–177.


63. Young L. Equine aortic valve regurgitation: a disease wor- thy of further consideration. Equine Vet Educ 2007;19: 469–470.


64. Horn J, Marr CM, Elliott J, et al. Identification of prognos- tic factors in equine aortic insufficiency. J Vet Intern Med 2002;16:335.


65. Leroux AA, Detilleux J, Sandersen CF, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for cardiac diseases in a hospital-based population of 3,434 Horses (1994–2011). J Vet Intern Med 2013;27:1563–1570.


66. Bishop SP, Cole CR, Smetzer DL. Functional and morpho- logic pathology of equine aortic insufficiency. Path Vet 1966;3:137–158.


67. Smetzer DL, Bishop S, Smith CR. Diastolic murmur of equine aortic insufficiency. Am Heart J 1966;72:488–497.


68. Shaftoe S, McGuirk SM. Valvular insufficiency in a horse with atrial fibrillation. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1987;9:203–207.


69. Blissitt KJ, Bonagura JD. Colour flow Doppler echocardi- ography in normal horses. Equine Vet J Suppl 1995:47–55.


70. Sporri H. Two clinical types of aortic insufficiency in horses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1965;127:358–363.


71. Deegen E, Lieske R, Schoon H. Klinische und kardiologis- che untersuchungsbefunde bei 3 deckhengsten mit aorten- klappeninsuffizienz. Tierarztl Prax 1980;8:211–222.


72. Sporri VH, Leemann W. Zur Pathophysiologic der Aorten- klappeninsuffizienz des Pferdes. Berliner and Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 1972;23:441–448.


73. Stadler P, Hoch M, Fruhauf B, et al. Echocardiography in horses with and without heart murmurs in aortic regurgi- tation. Pferdeheilkunde 1995;11:373–383.


74. Patteson MW. Echocardiographic evaluation of horses with aortic regurgitation. Equine Vet Educ 1994;6:159–166.


75. Reef VB, Spencer P. Echocardiographic evaluation of equine aortic insufficiency. Am J Vet Res 1987;48:904–909.


76. Holmes JR, Else RW. Cardiac pathology in the horse (3) clinical correlations. Equine Vet J 1972;4:195–203.


77. Else RW, Holmes JR. Cardiac pathology in the horse. 2. Microscopic pathology. Equine Vet J 1972;4:57–62.


78. Marcus LC, Ross JN, Jr. Microscopic lesions in the hearts of aged horses and mules. Pathol Vet 1967;4:162–185.


79. Clark ES, Reef VB, Sweeney CR, et al. Aortic valve insuf- ficiency in a one-year- old colt. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 191:841–844.


80. Mahaffey LW. Fenestration of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves in the horse. Vet Rec 1958;70:415–420.


81. Taylor SE, Else RW, Keen JA. Congenital aortic valve dys- plasia in a Clydesdale foal. Equine Vet Educ 2007:463–468.


82. Gross DR, Clark DR, McDonald DR, et al. Congestive heart failure associated with congenital aortic insufficiency in a horse. Southwest Vet 1977;30:27–33.


83. Michlik KM, Biazik AK, Henklewski RZ, et al. Quadricus- pid aortic valve and a ventricular septal defect in a horse. BMC Vet Res 2014;10:142.


84. Rooney JR, Franks WC. Congenital cardiac anomalies in horses. Path Vet 1964;1:454–464.


85. Reef VB. Evaluation of ventricular septal defects in horses using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiogra- phy. Equine Vet J 1995;19:86–95.


86. Buergelt CD, Cooley AJ, Hines SA, et al. Endocarditis in six horses. Vet Pathol 1985;22:333–337.


87. Ven S, Decloedt A, De Clercq D, et al. Detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction by tissue Doppler imaging in horses with aortic regurgitation. Equine Vet J 2018;50:587– 593.


88. Ven S, Decloedt A, Van Der Vekens N, et al. Assessing aortic regurgitation severity from 2D, M-mode and pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic measurements in horses. Vet J 2016;210:34–38.


89. Reef VB. Echocardiographic findings in horses with con- genital cardiac disease. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1991;13:109–117.


90. Marr CM. Cardiac murmurs: congenital heart disease. In: Marr CM, ed. Cardiology of the horse, 1st ed. London: W. B. Saunders, 1999;210–232.


91. Hall TL, Magdesian KG, Kittleson MD. Congenital cardiac defects in neonatal foals: 18 cases (1992–2007). J Vet In- tern Med 2010;24:206–212.


92. Marr CM. Cardiac murmurs: congenital heart disease. In: Marr C, Bowen M, eds. Cardiology of the horse, 2nd ed. London: Elsevier Ltd., 2010;193–205.


93. Roby KA, Reef VB, Shaw DP, et al. Rupture of an aortic sinus aneurysm in a 15-year-old broodmare. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986;189:305–308.


94. Rooney JR, Prickett ME, Crowe MW. Aortic ring rupture in stallions. Pathol Vet 1967;4:268–274.


95. Sleeper MM, Durando MM, Miller M, et al. Aortic root disease in four horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:491– 496, 459.


96. Marr CM, Reef VB, Brazil TJ, et al. Aorto-cardiac fistulas in seven horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998;39:22–31.


97. Lester GD, Lombard CW, Ackerman N. Echocardiographic detected of a dissecting aortic root aneurysm in a Thorough- bred stallion. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992;33:202–205.


98. Reef VB, Klumpp S, Maxson AD, et al. Echocardiographic detection of an intact aneurysm in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;197:752–755.


99. Norman TE, Achen SE, Coleman MC, et al. What is your diagnosis? Ruptured right aortic sinus (sinus of Valsalva) aneurysm, valvular endocarditis, and cardiac volume over- load with early failure. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237: 1371–1372.


100. Javsicas LH, Gigue `re S, Maisenbacher HW, et al. Percu-


taneous transcatheter closure of an aorto-cardiac fistula in a Thoroughbred stallion using an amplatzer occluder device. J Vet Intern Med 2010;24:994–998.


101. Ploeg M, Saey V, de Bruijn CM, et al. Aortic rupture and aorto-pulmonary fistulation in the Friesian horse: charac- terisation of the clinical and gross post mortem findings in 24 cases. Equine Vet J 2013;45:101–106.


102. van der Linde-Sipman JS, Kroneman J, Meulenaar H, et al. Necrosis and rupture of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in four horses. Vet Pathol 1985;22:51–53.


103. Ploeg M, Saey V, Delesalle C, et al. Thoracic aortic rupture and aortopulmonary fistulation in the Friesian horse: histo- morphologic characterization. Vet Pathol 2015;52:152–159.


104. Saey V, Vandecasteele T, van Loon G, et al. Friesian horses as a possible model for human acquired aortopulmo- nary fistulation. BMC Res Notes 2016;9:405.


105. Ploeg M, Saey V, van Loon G, et al. Thoracic aortic rupture in horses. Equine Vet J 2017;49:269–274.


AAEP PROCEEDINGS  Vol. 64  2018 139


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