395
‘excellent’ for SF1 (ICC = 0.905) and ‘good’ for SF2 (ICC = 0.847). These results indicate that counting cranially five SPs from
the lumbosacral joint, when coupled with observation of the rib position and curvature should ensure a saddle is not placed beyond T18.
Behaviour associated with dental pain
In this study Jaana Pehkonen and colleagues in Finland investigated behavioural signs associated with equine periapical infection in cheek teeth (CT). Owners of 47 horses whose CT had been removed
because of periapical infection completed an internet- based questionnaire including 23 questions about eating behaviour, bit behaviour, and general behaviour observed before and after the operation. The number of signs exhibited by each horse before and after CT removal was compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test. Before the operation, avoidance behaviours, such as evading the bit, difficulties in eating, and even asocial or aggressive behaviours were commonly reported by the owners. Removing the infected tooth significantly reduced the number of these behavioral patterns expressed by the horses, suggesting that they could be associated with dental pain. Half of the cases had been diagnosed during a routine dental examination, indicating that many owners did not realise that certain undesirable behavioural patterns of their horses might be associated with dental pain. These findings highlight the importance of training owners
to recognise behaviour potentially related to dental pain in horses and that routine dental examinations are essential for ensuring horses’ well-being.
Equine coronavirus faecal shedding
In this study Macarena Sanz and colleagues in the USA evaluated equine coronavirus (ECoV) faecal shedding in hospitalised horses. The objective of this study was to determine whether
systemically healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal disorders shed ECoV in their faeces at the time of admission to a referral hospital and after 48 h of stress associated with hospitalisation. The study included 130 adult horses admitted to the
Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for gastrointestinal disease (n = 65) or for imaging under anaesthesia (n = 65) that were hospitalised for 48 h. Faecal samples were collected at admission and 48 h later. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ECoV and electron microscopy (EM) were performed on all samples. Only one of 258 faecal samples was PCR-positive for ECoV.
Electron microscopy identified ECoV-like particles in 9/258 samples, parvovirus-like particles in 4/258 samples, and rotavirus-like particles in 1/258 samples. The prevalence of ECoV in faeces of hospitalised adult
horses was low. Therefore, faecal samples that are PCR- positive for ECoV in adult horses that have clinical signs consistent with this viral infection are likely to be of diagnostic relevance. The clinical relevance of the viruses observed using EM remains to be investigated.
Effects of magnesium sulfate on headshaking
In this prospective study Shara Sheldon and colleagues in the USA investigated the effects of magnesium sulfate on six geldings with trigeminal-mediated headshaking. Trigeminal-mediated headshaking results from low-
threshold firing of the trigeminal nerve resulting in apparent facial pain. The authors of this study believed that magnesium may have neuroprotective effects on nerve firing that could dampen signs of neuropathic pain in affected horses.
Horses were controlled for diet and infused intravenously
(i.v.) with 5% dextrose solution (DS; control solution at 2 mL/ kg bwt) and MgSO4 50% solution (MSS at 40 mg/kg bwt). Headshaking behaviour was recorded at times T0 (baseline, before infusion) and T15, T30, T60, and T120 min post-infusion. Venous blood variables such as pH, HCO3, standard base excess (SBE), Na+,Cl,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+, total magnesium (tMg), glucose, and lactate were measured; strong ion difference (SID) and anion gap (AG) were calculated for each time point. Blood variables including pH, Na+,Cl,K+, SID, AG,
lactate, Ca2+, tMg, and Mg2+ had significant changes with MSS compared with DS treatment. Glucose, SBE, and HCO3 did not have significant changes. A 29% reduction in headshaking rate occurred after MSS treatment but no change occurred after DS treatment. Administration of MSS i.v. increased plasma total and
ionised magnesium concentrations and significantly decreased headshaking behaviour in horses with trigeminal- mediated headshaking.
S. WRIGHT EVE Editorial Office References
Khan, A., Hallowell, G.D., Underwood, C. and van Eps, A.W. (2019) Continuous fluid infusion per rectum compared with intravenous and nasogastric fluid administration in horses. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print;
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13113
Luethy, D., Frimberger, A.E., Bedenice, D., Byrne, B.S., Groover, E.S., Gardner, R.B., Lewis, T., MacDonald, V.S., Proctor-Brown, L., Tomlinson, J.E., Rassnick, K.M. and Johnson, A.L. (2019) Retrospective evaluation of clinical outcome after chemotherapy for lymphoma in 15 equids (1991-2017). J. Vet. Intern. Med. 33, 953- 960.
Mandel, H.H., Sutton, G.A., Abu, E. and Kelmer, G. (2019) Intralesional application of medical grade honey improves healing of surgically treated lacerations in horses. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print;
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13111
Nankervis, K.J., Bradley, F., Kosek, K. and Dyson, S.J. (2019) Investigation of the reliability of saddle fitters to determine the position of the last thoracic vertebra of horses using palpation techniques: A pilot study. J. Equine. Vet. Sci. 77, 1-7.
Pehkonen, J., Karma, L. and Raekallio, M. (2019) Behavioral signs associated with equine periapical infection in cheek teeth. J. Equine. Vet. Sci. 77, 144-150.
Sanz, M.G., Kwon, S., Pusterla, N., Gold, J.R., Bain, F. and Evermann, J. (2019) Evaluation of equine coronavirus fecal shedding among hospitalized horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 33, 918-922.
Sheldon, S.A., Aleman, M., Costa, L.R.R., Santoyo, A.C., Howey, Q. and Madigan, J.E. (2019) Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate and its effect on horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 33, 923-932.
© 2019 EVJ Ltd
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