408
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / AUGUST 2019
2005; Russell et al. 2010). Fortunately, side effects were mostly controlled in our case with topical steroid/antibiotic solution. The present case report describes the diagnosis and
surgical outcome of a horse with a primary corneal malignant melanoma. This diagnosis should be considered in cases of equine corneal tumours, whether pigmented or not, and special IHC stains may be required to support the diagnosis. In this case, multimodal therapy consisting of surgical excision, strontium-90 beta irradiation, and topical chemotherapy with MMC was performed. This approach has been an effective treatment with minimal side effects and no sign of recurrence after 10 months.
Authors’ declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.
Ethical animal research
This is a retrospective case report so there were no ethical considerations.
Source of funding None.
Authorship All authors contributed equally.
Manufacturers' addresses 1Tiolat Ltd, Helsinki, Finland. 2ACell Vet, Columbia, Maryland, USA. 3Dako, Carpinteria, California, USA. 4Stokes Pharmacy, Mount Laurel, New Jersey, USA.
References
Abraham, L.M., Selva, D., Casson, R. and Leibovitch, I. (2006) Mitomycin: clinical applications in ophthalmic practice. Drugs. 66, 321-340.
Bauer, B., Leis, M.L. and Sayi, S. (2015) Primary corneal melanocytoma in a collie. Vet. Ophthalmol. 18, 429-432.
Brooks, D.E. (2004) Inflammatory stromal keratopathies: medical management of stromal keratomalacia, stromal abscesses, eosinophilic keratitis, and band keratopathy in the horse. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract. 20, 345-360.
Buss, D.G., Sharma, A., Giuliano, E.A. and Mohan, R.R. (2010) Efficacy and safety of mitomycin C as an agent to treat corneal scarring in horses using an in vitro model. Vet. Ophthalmol. 13, 211-218.
Chen, C., Louis, D., Dodd, T. and Muecke, J. (2004) Mitomycin C as an adjunct in the treatment of localised ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 88, 17-18.
Choi, C. and Kusewitt, D.F. (2003) Comparison of tyrosinase-related protein-2, S-100, and melan A immunoreactivity in canine amelanotic melanomas. Vet. Pathol. 40, 713-718.
Clode, A.B. (2011) Diseases and surgery of the cornea. In: Equine Ophthalmology, 2nd edn., Eds: B. Gilger. Saunders, Maryland Heights. pp 181-266.
Clode, A.B., Miller, C., McMullen, R.J. Jr and Gilger, B.C. (2012) A retrospective comparison of surgical removal and subsequent CO2 laser ablation versus topical administration of mitomycin C as therapy for equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma. Vet. Ophthalmol. 15, 254-262.
Cohen, V.M.L., Papastefanou, V.P., Liu, S., Stoker, I. and Hungerford, J.L. (2013) The use of strontium-90 beta radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment for conjunctival melanoma. J. Oncol. 2013, 349162.
Desnoyers, M.M., Haines, D.M. and Searcy, G.P. (1990) Immunohistochemical detection of intermediate filament proteins in formalin fixed normal and neoplastic canine tissues. Can. J. Vet. Res. 54, 360-365.
Donaldson, D., Sansom, J., Scase, T., Adams, V. and Mellersh, C. (2006) Canine limbal melanoma: 30 cases (1992-2004). Part 1. Signalment, clinical and histological features and pedigree analysis. Vet. Ophthalmol. 9, 115-119.
Donaldson, D., Sansom, J. and Adams, V. (2006) Canine limbal melanoma: 30 cases (1992-2004). Part 2. Treatment with lamellar resection and adjunctive strontium-90 beta plesiotherapy - efficacy and morbidity. Vet. Ophthalmol. 9, 179-185.
Dreyfus, J., Schobert, C.S. and Dubielzig, R.R. (2011) Superficial corneal squamous cell carcinoma occurring in dogs with chronic keratitis. Vet. Ophthalmol. 14, 161-168.
English, R., Nasisse, M. and Davidson, M. (1990) Carbon dioxide laser ablation for treatment of limbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 196, 439-442.
Gilger, B.C., Miller Michau, T. and Salmon, J.H. (2005) Immune- mediated keratitis in horses: 19 cases (1998-2004). Vet. Ophthalmol. 8, 233-239.
Giuliano, E.A. (2010) Equine periocular neoplasia: current concepts in aetiopathogenesis and emerging treatment modalities. Equine Vet. J. 42, 9-18.
Grahn, B.H. and Peiffer, R.L. (2013) Veterinary ophthalmic pathology. In: Veterinary Ophthalmology, 5th edn., Eds: K. Gelatt, B. Gilger and T. Kern, Wiley-Blackwell, Ames. pp 435-522.
Gupta, R., Yarnall, B.W., Giuliano, E.A., Kanwar, J.R., Buss, D.G. and Mohan, R.R. (2011) Mitomycin C: a promising agent for the treatment of canine corneal scarring. Vet. Ophthalmol. 14, 304-312.
King, T.C., Priehs, D.R., Gum, G.G. and Miller, T.R. (1991) Therapeutic management of ocular squamous cell carcinoma in the horse: 43 cases (1979-1989). Equine Vet. J. 23, 449-452.
Kirwan, J.F., Constable, P.H., Murdoch, I.E. and Khaw, P.T. (2003) Beta irradiation: new uses for an old treatment: a review. Eye. 17, 207- 215.
Koenig, A., Wojcieszyn, J., Weeks, B.R. and Modiano, J.F. (2001) Expression of S100a, vimentin, NSE, and melan A/MART-1 in seven canine melanoma cell lines and twenty-nine retrospective cases of canine melanoma. Vet. Pathol. 38, 427-435.
Kurli, M. and Finger, P.T. (2005) Topical mitomycin chemotherapy for conjunctival malignant melanoma and primary acquired melanosis with atypia: 12 years’ experience. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 243, 1108-1114.
Lassaline-Utter, M., Miller, C. and Wotman, K.L. (2014) Eosinophilic keratitis in 46 eyes of 27 horses in the Mid-Atlantic United States (2008-2012). Vet. Ophthalmol. 17, 311-320.
Lavach, J.D. and Severin, G.A. (1977) Neoplasia of the equine eye, adnexa, and orbit: a review of 68 cases. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 170, 202-203.
Malalana, F., Knottenbelt, D. and McKane, S. (2010) Mitomycin C, with or without surgery, for the treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinoma in horses. Vet. Rec. 167, 373-376.
Matthews, A. and Gilger, B.C. (2009) Equine immune-mediated keratopathies. Vet. Ophthalmol. 12, 10-16.
McMullen, R.J., Clode, A.B., Pandiri, A.K.R., Malarkey, D.E., Michau, T.M. and Gilger, B.C. (2008) Epibulbar melanoma in a foal. Vet. Ophthalmol. 11, 44-50.
Moore, C.P., Collins, B.K., Linton, L.L. and Collier, L.L. (2000) Conjunctival malignant melanoma in a horse. Vet. Ophthalmol. 3, 201-206.
Murphy, J. and Young, S. (1979) Intraocular melanoma in a horse. Vet. Pathol. 16, 539-542.
Nakhleh, R.E., Wick, M.R. and Rocamora, A. (1990) Morphologic diversity in malignant melanomas. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 93, 731-740.
© 2017 EVJ Ltd
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88
