90
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / FEBRUARY 2022
TABLE 2 Continued Variable
Tack
Potential for saddle fit to compromise performance No Yes
Saddle tree points too tight No Yes
Saddle tree points too close to scapulae No Yes
Saddle pommel too low No Yes
Saddle bridges No Yes
Saddle seat position Horizontal
Tips forward Tips backward
Saddle bounces dorsoventrally No Yes
Saddle oscillates from side to side No Yes
Saddle slips to one side No Yes
Noseband type Cavesson
Crank cavesson Crank flash Flash
Grackle Micklem Drop None
Noseband type (recategorised) Cavesson/none
Crank cavesson, crank flash, flash, crackle, micklem and drop
P-values < 0.25 are highlighted in bold. CI, confidence intervals.
horses had gait abnormalities reflecting musculoskeletal pain (Egenvall et al. 2010). It was notable that in the current study Riding School horses had higher RHpE scores than General Purpose horses. In a previous unrelated study, Riding School horses had a higher median RHpE score compared with horses from other work disciplines (Dyson and Pollard 2020). Compared with some other studies, the proportion of
horses in the current study that were lame in hand was relatively small; this may be because 18% of the lame horses exhibited bilateral forelimb or hindlimb lameness when ridden. Such horses may have had short-stepping, but symmetrical gaits in hand. In addition, the lameness seen ridden was often low grade (median 2/8, Dyson 2011). The current study highlighted the importance of ridden exercise for lameness detection, validating previous
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observations in which 26% of horses were lame in hand, compared with 47% when ridden (Dyson and Greve 2016); 12% of these horses were only lame when ridden. In a smaller study of 13 horses in regular work, seven horses were nonlame both in hand and ridden, three horses (23%) were nonlame in hand, but lame ridden (left hindlimb), and three horses exhibited lameness both in hand and ridden (Marqu
es et al.
2014). Recognition that a horse may be nonlame in hand, but lame when ridden, is of vital importance, either when examining horses as part of a prepurchase examination, or when investigating a horse with a history of either poor performance or a change in behaviour. In this study, the relationship between lameness seen in hand was variable and unpredictable. It is also notable that 60% of horses had gait abnormalities in canter, which were not necessarily
0.21
Reference 0.09
Reference 0.07
Reference 0.04
Reference 0.01
Reference 0.07
0.004
Reference 0.13
Reference 0.02
Reference 0.08
Reference 0.11
0.17 0.22 0.12 0.14 0.22 0.02
Reference 0.0005
0.07 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.06
0.12 0.10
0.06 0.06 0.08
0.16 0.8
0.20 0.08 0.08 0.27 0.10
Reference 0.12
0.07
Reference 1.1
Reference 1.1
Reference 1.0
Reference 1.0
Reference 1.1
Reference 0.9 1.0
Reference 1.0
Reference 0.9
Reference 1.1
Reference 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0
Reference 0.9
1.0, 1.3 0.43 0.9, 1.3 0.60 0.8, 1.1 0.84 0.9, 1.1 0.22 0.96, 1.2 0.57
0.7, 1.1 0.8, 1.2
0.77 0.9, 1.2 0.18 0.8, 1.0 0.18 0.9, 1.3 <0.001
0.7, 1.4 0.7, 1.0 0.5, 1.2 0.8, 1.0 0.7, 1.0 0.5, 1.4 0.8, 1.2
0.8, 1.0
1.00 0.02 0.27 0.12 0.06 0.42 0.88 0.07
Coefficient Robust standard error
Incident rate ratio (IRR)
IRR 95% CI
Wald P-value
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