102
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / FEBRUARY 2022
was fundamental; if CT had required general anaesthesia, the number of examinations performed would have been lower due to the risk of general anaesthesia. If standing CT is unavailable, the authors suggest using serial ultrasonographic or radiographic studies to evaluate the effected anatomy with the understanding of the limitations of these modalities when compared with CT. In conclusion, this report describes an unusual case of
myonecrosis of the right side of the head and cervical region with concurrent sinusitis due to Prevotella intermedia and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus
infection. CT
examinations aided in the diagnosis, surgical treatment and monitoring of the horse, and provided a large amount of visual evidence for the owner, aiding in client understanding. The authors suggest using antimicrobial coverage for Gram- negative as well as Gram-positive anaerobic organisms as part of the antimicrobial treatment plan for myonecrosis cases that may have originated from the oral cavity.
Authors’ declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.
Ethical animal research No animals were used for research.
Source of funding There were no sources of funding.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the staff and students responsible for the care of this case.
Authorship
S. Boorman wrote the article. J. Hamersky provided the imaging reports and figures. All authors contributed equally to the diagnosis and management of the case. All authors edited the article and gave final approval.
Manufacturers’ addresses
1Canon Medical Systems USA Inc., California, USA. 2Dr. Fritz GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany. 3General Electric Company, Massachusetts, USA.
References
Bailey, G.D. and Love, N.D. (1991) Oral associated bacterial infection in horses: studies on the normal anaerobic flora from the pharyngeal tonsillar surface and its association with lower respiratory tract and paraoral infections. Vet. Microbiol. 26, 367- 379.
Borsanelli, A.C., Gaetti-Jardim, E. Jr, Schweitzer, C.M., Viora, L., Busin, V., Riggio, M.P. and Dutra, I.S. (2017) Black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria associated with ovine periodontitis. Vet. Microbiol. 203, 271-274.
Kennedy, R., Lappin, D.F., Dixon, P.M., Buijs, M.J., Zaura, E., Crielaard, W., O’Donnell, L., Bennett, D., Brandt, B.W. and Riggio, M.P. (2016) The microbiome associated with equine periodontitis and oral health. Vet. Res. 47, 49.
Peek, S.F., Semrad, S.D. and Perkins, G.A. (2003) Clostridial myonecrosis in horses (37 Cases 1985–2000). Equine Vet. J. 35, 86-92.
Steinman, A., Gips, M., Lavy, E., Sinay, I. and Soback, S. (2000) Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in horses after intravenous, rectal and oral administration. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 23, 353-357.
Continued from page 94
synchronisation, and rider position in sitting trot. Comp. Exerc. Phys.
https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP190071
Weller, D., Franklin, S., Shea, G., White, P., Fenner, K., Wilson, B., Wilkins, C. and McGreevy, P. (2020) The reported use of nosebands in racing and equestrian pursuits. Animals 10, 776.
Wilson, A., Agass, R., Vaux, S., Sherlock, E., Day, P., Pfau, T. and Weller, R. (2016) Foot placement of the equine forelimb: relationship between foot conformation, foot placement and movement symmetry. Equine Vet. J. 48,90–96.
Supporting information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s website:
Supplementary item 1: Photographs of cavesson, crank cavesson, flash, crank flash, drop, grackle and Micklem nosebands.
Advertisers’ Index
ADM Nutrition ……............................... 102A American Regent Animal Health ……... 76A
Kentucky Equine Research .................... 64B, 82A Kentucky Performance Products............. 66B
Arenus ……………….…………........... C2,C3,C4,76B Larson Laboratories …………………… 112 Boehringer Ingelheim …………………. 95 Cargill …………………………………. 72B Dechra Veterinary Products …………... 66A Hallmarq ................................................. 72A
© 2021 EVJ Ltd
Platinum Performance ………………… 102B Vetel Diagnostics ................................... 82B VetPD ..................................................... 64A Zoetis ………………………………….. XIII
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84
