EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / JANUARY 2020
criteria for identification of EIPH should be considered when comparing findings between studies.
Electrical nerve stimulation for headshaking
This international, multi-centre study by Veronica Roberts and colleagues in the UK investigated the use of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for idiopathic trigeiminal- mediated headshaking. Horses were included in analyses if they were diagnosed
with trigeminal-mediated headshaking by exclusion of all other possible causes of the clinical signs and received EquiPENSTM
neuromodulation between August 2013 and
November 2017. Each horse received an initial course of three procedures,
with the first two procedures performed 3–7 days apart, and the third procedure 10–14 days after the second. A total of 530 procedures were performed on 168 horses, with 53% (n = 72) of horses going into remission following the initial course. The median duration of remission was 9.5 weeks (range 2 days–156 weeks and ongoing). Horses were
significantly more likely to go into remission at the end of the first course if they went into remission after the first procedure and second procedures. Complications were reported in 8.8% (n = 47) of procedures, with worsening of clinical signs being the most frequently reported. In all but one case, complications were mild and transient, without self-trauma. No predictors for outcome were determined.
Headshaking and the infraorbital canal
This retrospective cross-sectional study by Ralph Edwards and colleagues in The Netherlands aimed to describe the computed tomography (CT) anatomy and variations of the infraorbital canal in horses with local disease processes and
normal horses, and to examine associations between those findings and headshaking. Computed tomography scans were reviewed and
morphological changes of the infraorbital canal were described. Presence of changes was then tested for association with headshaking prevalence, presence of disease processes in the region of the infraorbital canal, age, and sex. Of the 218 horses included in this study, 42 (19%) had
headshaking and 97 (45%) had CT lesions in the region of the infraorbital canal. Morphological changes to the bone of the infraorbital canal were found in 121 horses (56%) and included: increased mineralisation (n = 39, 18%), decreased mineralisation (n = 89, 41%), deformed shape (n = 51, 23%), displaced position (n = 43, 20%), and disruption (n = 11, 5%). All changes of the infraorbital canal significantly increased in frequency with the presence of adjacent disease. Increased mineralisation and disruption of the infraorbital canal were significantly associated with headshaking in horses with adjacent disease; the latter only reached significance after exclusion of dentally immature horses. No other changes were significantly associated with the presence of
References
Edwards, R.A., Hermans, H. and Veraa, S. (2019) Morphological variations of the infraorbital canal during CT has limited association with headshaking in horses. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound 60, 485–492.
Ramzan, P.H.L. and Wylie, C.E. (2019) Non-surgical and surgical management of metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal chip fracture in the Thoroughbred racehorse. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/evj.13185.
Roberts, V.L.H., Bailey, M. and Patel, N.K. (2019) The safety and efficacy of neuromodulation using percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the management of trigeminal-mediated headshaking in 168 horses. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print https://onlinelibrary.wiley,com/doi/10.1111/evj.13174.
Savage, V.L., Marr, C.M., Bailey, M. and Smith, S. (2019) Prevalence of acute kidney injury in a population of hospitalized horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 33, 2294–2301.
Spence, K.L., Cardwell, J.M., Slater, J. and Rosanowski, S.M. (2019) Preliminary insight into horse owners’ perceptions of, and attitudes towards, exotic diseases in the United Kingdom. BMC Vet. Res. 15, 338.
Taranc on, I., Armengou, L., Melendez-Lazo, A., Pastor, J., Rıos, J. and
Jose-Cunilleras, E. (2019) Prevalence of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in competing endurance horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 255, 710–715.
Whyard, J.M. and Brounts, S.H. (2019) Complications and survival in horses with surgically confirmed right dorsal displacement of the large colon. Can. Vet. J. 60, 381–385.
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headshaking. No association was found between headshaking and the age or sex of the horse.
Acute kidney injury
In this retrospective cohort study, Victoria Savage and colleagues in the UK evaluated the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised horses, risk factors associated with AKI, and the effect of AKI on short-term survival. Adult horses hospitalised for >2 days from which a
minimum of two measurements of serum creatinine concentration were available were identified from clinical records. Horses were grouped according to their baseline serum creatinine concentration and change in serum creatinine concentration from baseline. The associations between signalment, diagnosis, and treatment variables, and the presence of azotaemia or AKI were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. The relationship between these conditions and survival to discharge was evaluated. Of the 325 horses included in the study 14 (4.3%) had
azotaemia at baseline and 48 (14.8%) developed AKI. There were no significant associations between investigated risk factors and development of AKI. The presence of azotaemia and AKI did not significantly affect survival to discharge. The prevalence of AKI in this population of hospitalised
horses is similar to that reported in dogs and humans; however, in this study population, there was less impact on morbidity and short-term survival.
S. WRIGHT EVE Editorial Office
© 2019 EVJ Ltd
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