EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / JANUARY 2020


47


TABLE 1: Continued Reference


Dolente et al. (2005)


Study population and sample size


University referral hospital 27/163 mares with post-partum complications


Pusterla et al. (2005)


University referral hospital 2/19 horses with post-partum haemoperitoneum


Study design


Retrospective (1992–2002)


Treatments None specified


Number treated (%)


NS


Survival (%) NS


*87%


post-partum bleed mares, personal knowledge of author


Retrospective (1992–2003)


Not specified by cause


Polyionic crystalloid i.v. fluids


NSAID


Whole blood transfusion Conjugated oestrogen Antimicrobials


Aminocaproic acid Plasma transfusion Dexamethasone Formalin


Oikawa et al. (2009)


Single mare University hospital


Case report


Polyionic crystalloid i.v. fluids Flunixin meglumine Tranexamic acid Ergometrine


Mogg et al. (2006)


Single mare University hospital


Case report


Bovine lactoferrin Water by NGT Antimicrobials


Flunixin meglumine Abdominal


drainage/lavage


NGT, nasogastric tube; NS, not specified; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. *The table is organised with treatment most frequently administered first, with survival associated with those treatments in a separate column.


reproduction-focused retrospective studies, one presented data from 73 mares (10 with prepartum haemorrhage, 63 with post-partum haemorrhage) presented to a single large referral private hospital (Arnold et al. 2008) and one was a single-referral university hospital-based study of 163 mares hospitalised with post-partum complications, 27 with post- partum haemorrhage (Dolente et al. 2005) (Table 1). There were no studies reporting on the incidence or treatment of mares with post-partum haemorrhage remaining on the home farm. There is a paucity of information available regarding the


efficacy of treatment of post-partum haemorrhage, resulting in an inability to compare conservative vs. intensive treatment. Data that are available are from large referral institutions where intensive treatment occurs commonly. Most commonly administered treatment included flunixin meglumine or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), i.v. polyionic crystalloid fluids, aminocaproic acid or other promoters of coagulation and whole blood/plasma transfusion. Overall, survival of mares presented to such institutions is quite good, ranging from 87% to 84% where those data could be gleaned from the manuscripts, excluding case reports. This may, in the authors opinion, be related to the stability of the mares and their ability to


survive the initial haemorrhage and transportation to a referral facility. There is no information available related to treatment at a farm location, the incidence of post-partum haemorrhage over the general population of broodmares or survival of affected mares related to the general population.


Author’s declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.


Ethical animal research Not applicable.


Source of funding None.


References


Arnold, C.E., Payne, M., Thompson, J.A., Slovis, N.M. and Bain, F.T. (2008) Periparturient hemorrhage in mares: 73 cases (1998–2005). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 232, 1345-1351.


© 2017 EVJ Ltd


16/19 (84)* *3 euthanised without treatment at owners’ request ($$) 14/16 (88)


10/16 (63) 8/16 (50) 8/16 (50) 7/16 (44) 5/16 (31) 3/16 (19) 2/16 (13) 1/16 (6)


1/1 (100)


1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100)


14/16 (88)* *Outcome of post-partum mares not specified


NS


NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS


1/1 (100)


1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100) 1/1 (100)


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