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EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / MAY 2018


Internal fixation of splint bone fractures


The aim of this retrospective case series by Mahmoud Mageed and colleagues in Germany was to describe the clinical presentation and evaluate the efficacy of bioabsorbable polylactic acid screws in internal fixation of proximal fractures of the second and fourth metacarpal and metatarsal bones in horses. The medical records, diagnostic images and outcome of


horses diagnosed with a proximal fracture of the splint bones and treated with partial resection and internal fixation of the proximal stump using bioabsorbable polylactic acid screws at a single equine hospital over a 17-month period were reviewed. No complications were encountered during screw


placement or post-operatively in the eight horses that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Six horses returned to full work 3 months after the operation and two horses remained mildly lame. Follow-up radiographs 12 months post- operatively on two horses showed that the screws were not completely absorbed. The screws resulted in a cone-shaped radiolucency, which was progressively replaced from the outer margins by bone sclerosis. The authors concluded that the use of bioabsorbable


screws for fixation of proximal fractures of the splint bone appears to be a safe and feasible technique and may offer several advantages over the use of traditional metallic implants.


Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus


The aim of this retrospective study by Ronita Adams and colleagues in the USA was to investigate the burden and patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among equine Staphylococcus samples. Data from 1711 equine Staphylococcus samples


submitted to a single veterinary diagnostic laboratory over a 17-year period were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing that included 16 drugs was performed and the proportions of resistant isolates were calculated. Significant associations and temporal trends were identified and predictors of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) were investigated. Two-thirds (66.3%) of the isolates were resistant to at least


one antimicrobial, the majority of which were Staphylococcus aureus (77.1%), while 25.0% were MDR. The highest level of resistance was to penicillins (52.9%). Among drug classes, isolates had the highest rate of AMR to at least one type of P-lactams (49.2%), followed by aminoglycosides (30.2%). Significant associations were observed between odds of AMR and horse breed, species of organism and year. Significant associations were also identified between odds of MDR and breed and age. While some isolates had resistance to up to 12 antimicrobials, AMR profiles featuring single antimicrobials such as penicillin were more common than those with multiple antimicrobials. Demographic factors were significant predictors of AMR


and MDR. The authors expressed concern that some isolates had resistance to up to 12 of the 16 antimicrobials assessed. To address the high levels of AMR and MDR observed in this


References


Adams, R., Smith, J., Locke, S., Phillips, E., Erol, E., Carter, C. and Odoi, A. (2018) An epidemiologic study of antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus species isolated from equine samples submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. BMC Vet. Res. 14,42. https://doi.org/10. 1186/ s12917-018-1367-6


Brunsting, J.Y., Pille, F.J., Oosterlinck, M., Haspeslagh, M. and Wilderjans, H.C. (2018) Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection and septic arthritis after elective arthroscopy in horses. Vet. Surg. 47, 52-59.


Lanz, S., Brunner, A., Graubner, C., Marti, E. and Gerber, V. (2017) Insect bite hypersensitivity in horses is associated with airway hyperreactivity. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 31, 1877-1883.


Mageed, M., Steinberg, T., Drumm, N., Stubbs, N., Wegert, J. and Koene, M. (2018) Internal fixation of proximal fractures of the 2nd and 4th metacarpal and metatarsal bones using bioabsorbable screws. Aust. Vet. J. 96, 76-81.


Monk, C.S., Jeong, S.Y., Gibson, D.J. and Plummer, C.E. (2018) The presence of minocycline in the tear film of normal horses following oral administration and its anticollagenase activity. Vet. Ophthalmol. 21, 58-65.


Rossignol, F., Brandenberger, O., Perkins, J.D., Marie, J-P., Mespoulhes- Riviere, C. and Ducharme, N.G. (2018) Modified first or second cervical nerve transplantation technique for the treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) in horses. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print; https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12788.


Walsh, R., Smith, M.R.W. and Wright, I.M. (2018) Frequency distribution of osteochondral fragmentation of the dorsoproximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx in racing Thoroughbreds in the UK. Equine Vet. J. Epub ahead of print; https://doi.org/10.1111/evj. 12795.


study, the authors suggest that future studies will need to focus on antimicrobial prescription practices and education of both practitioners and animal owners on judicious use of antimicrobials to slow down the development of resistance.


Dorsoproximal P1 fragments in UK Thoroughbreds


This retrospective study by Rosalind Walsh and colleagues at the Newmarket Equine Hospital, UK, reports the location of dorsoproximal P1 osteochondral fragments in a population of racing Thoroughbreds that underwent arthroscopic surgery. In addition, they aimed to assess the accuracy of standard radiographic projections in identifying these lesions and the frequency of concurrent soft tissue damage. The inclusion criteria were met by 282 horses, 85.8%


(n = 242) of which were in training for, or already competing in flat race training and 5.3% (n = 15) of which were used for jump racing. A total of 428 fetlock joints had dorsoproximal P1 fragments, with similar numbers found in the left and right limbs; 73.8% (n = 316) of fragments were located dorsomedially and 39.3% (n = 168) of joints had concurrent soft tissue lesions. The majority of fragments (74.8%, n = 320) were evident on radiographs. Dorsoproximal P1 osteochondral fragments were more


often located dorsomedially and in the forelimbs, similar to previous studies of other breeds and geographical locations. Accurate fragment location is not always possible with radiographs alone.


S. WRIGHT EVE Editorial Office


© 2018 EVJ Ltd


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