266


EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / MAY 2018


The main limitations of the study include the small group


size and the impossibility to define these horses as normal due to the frequent presence of musculoskeletal disease. The small size of the group hinders statistical analysis of associations between the different diagnoses and variables suggested to be markers of disease, such as exercising HR or lactate. Studying larger groups of well performing horses of different levels would be needed to obtain this information. This study group has the above described peculiarities that may not be easy to extrapolate to other populations. Horses used for reining in collegiate sports are typically not high level athletes. Collegiate riding horses are subject to a blind draw during competitions and are ridden multiple times on a day. Many of the riders have never ridden that individual horse, which negates the conventional horse/rider paradigm. Both of the competing collegiate teams ride the same horses and the quality of the ride is the focus of the sport. There are very few analogous equestrian sports by which to compare. The SET performed in this study is, however, analogous to the effort performed during lower level competitions. In conclusion, the current study shows the feasibility of a


SET in reining horses and describes the results in normally performing low level reining horses. Future studies are needed to define whether this protocol can be successfully used to diagnose and manage horses with poor performance and improve the health and welfare of reining horses.


Authors’ declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.


Ethical animal research


Approval from the Texas A&M Institutional Care and Use Committee was obtained.


Sources of funding Funding of the study was obtained through the Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department and the support of the Texas A&M Large Animal Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.


Acknowledgements


The authors gratefully acknowledge Cheryl Darby and the student athletes of the Texas A&M equestrian team for their expert help during the exercise test, Dr Michael Martin for his assistance evaluating results of the tests, Joe Hinton and the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical teaching Hospital for technical and logistic support, and Drs Ben Buchanan and Olivia Lorello for their collaboration with laboratorial analysis.


Authorship


C. Navas de Solis, C. Whitfield-Cargile and S. Sampson participated in the study design, study execution, data analysis and interpretation, and preparation of the manuscript. T. McKay participated in the study design, study execution, and preparation of the manuscript. All authors gave their final approval of the manuscript.


© 2017 EVJ Ltd


Manufacturers' addresses


1Equinosis LLC, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 2EKF, Penarth, Cardiff, UK. 3Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, New Jersey, USA. 4Nova Biomedical, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA. 5Business Innovation Centre, Institute of Technology Campus, Sligo,


Co. Sligo, Ireland. 6Advanced Monitors Corporation, San Diego, California, USA. 7Bayer HealthCare LLC, Shawnee Mission, Kansas, USA. 8Intervet Inc, Millsboro, Delaware, USA. 9Engel Engineering Services GmbH, Heusenstamm, Germany. 10Philips Medizin Systeme B€


oblingen GmbH, B€


11Ulrich Swiss, St. Gallen, Switzerland. 12Esaote, Firenze, Italy.


References


Allen, K.J., van Erck-Westergren, E. and Franklin, S.H. (2016) Exercise testing in the equine athlete. Equine Vet. Educ. 28, 89-98.


Barbesgaard, L., Buhl, R. and Meldgaard, C. (2010) Prevalence of exercise-associated arrhythmias in normal performing dressage horses. Equine Vet. J. 42, 202-207.


Brito, H.C.D., Charlie-Silva, I., Faria, C.C.S., Queiroz-Neto, A. and Ferraz, G.C. (2014) Acid-base alterations in barrel racing quarter horses of different fitness levels assessed via the simplified strong ion approach. Equine Vet. J. 46, Suppl. 46, 48.


Buhl, R., Ersbøll, A.K., Eriksen, L. and Koch, J. (2005) Changes over time in echocardiographic measurements in young Standardbred racehorses undergoing training and racing and association with racing performance. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 226, 1881-1887.


Buhl, R., Meldgaard, C. and Barbesgaard, L. (2010) Cardiac arrhythmias in clinically healthy showjumping horses. Equine Vet. J. 42, Suppl. 38, 196-201.


Caiado, J.C.C., Pissinate, G.L., de Souza, V.R.C., da Fonseca, L.A. and Coelho, C.S. (2011) Influence of physical exercise on serum activities of AST and CK and plasma concentration of lactate in Quarter horses submitted to team roping. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31, 452- 458.


Cou€ etil, L.L., Cardwell, J.M., Gerber, V., Lavoie, J.-P., L eguillette, R. and


Richard, E.A. (2016) Inflammatory airway disease of horses—revised consensus statement. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 30, 503-515.


Dabareiner, R.M., Cohen, N.D., Carter, G.K., Nunn, S. and Moyer, W. (2005) Musculoskeletal problems associated with lameness and poor performance among horses used for barrel racing: 118 cases (2000-2003). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 15, 1646-1650.


Desmaizieres, L.M., Serraud, N., Plainfosse, B., Michel, A. and Tamzali, Y. (2009) Dynamic respiratory endoscopy without treadmill in 68 performance Standardbred, Thoroughbred and saddle horses under natural training conditions. Equine Vet. J. 41, 347-352.


Fraipont, A., Van Erck, E., Ramery, E., Richard, E., Denoix, J.M., Lekeux, P. and Art, T. (2011) Subclinical diseases underlying poor performance in endurance horses: diagnostic methods and predictive tests. Vet. Rec. 169, 154.


Gerber, V., Robinson, N.E., Luethi, S., Marti, E., Wampfler, B. and Straub, R. (2003) Airway inflammation and mucus in two age groups of asymptomatic well-performing sport horses. Equine Vet. J. 35, 491-495.


Haney, E.A. (1998) Physiological Responses of Reining Horses to Interval Training Versus Conventional Training Procedures, Master’s thesis, Texas A&M University, Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/ 1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1998-THESIS-H363.


Holcombe, S.J., Robinson, N.E., Derksen, F.J., Bertold, B., Genovese, R., Miller, R., de Feiter Rupp, H., Carr, E.A., Eberhart, S.W., Boruta, D. and Kaneene, J.B. (2006) Effect of tracheal mucus and tracheal cytology on racing performance in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet. J. 38, 300-304.


Lane, J.G., Bladon, B., Little, D.R.M., Naylor, J.R.J. and Franklin, S.H. (2006) Dynamic obstructions of the equine upper respiratory tract.


oblingen, Germany.


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76