562


EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION


Equine vet. Educ. (2020) 32 (11) 562-563 doi: 10.1111/eve.13386


Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers


Facial fracture repair using intrasinus bolstering In this case report Alison Gardner and colleagues in the USA described the repair of unstable facial fractures by using Foley catheter balloons as intrasinus bolsters. Two weanling foals had sustained kick injuries resulting in


unilateral fractures of the sinus and orbit. Preoperative imaging including positive contrast dacrocystorhinography and computed tomography confirmed severe comminution of facial fractures and nasolacrimal duct disruption in both foals.


Small bone fragments were surgically removed, and large


fragments were retained even when denuded of periosteum. Repair


procedures included nasolacrimal


canaliculosinusotomy and suturing fracture fragments together with polydioxanone sutures. After fixation, the fracture fragments could be depressed into the sinus with manual pressure, so two intrasinus Foley catheters were placed to bolster the sinus wall, with the tubing exiting through a frontal sinus trephine. The skin was completely closed over the fractures. Catheters and nasolacrimal stenting were maintained in place during fracture healing. Eleven days after fixation, one foal dislodged the


catheters and nasolacrimal stent. The catheters and stenting in the second foal were removed 4 weeks after surgery. The wounds and fractures healed well, with good cosmesis in both foals, and epiphora resolved. No surgical site infection, sinusitis or sequestration occurred. Both foals became high- level performance horses with acceptable cosmetic outcome and good bilateral nasal airflow. Foley catheter balloons supported sinus fracture repair


and maintained stability of the surgical reconstruction. Suture repair of comminuted sinus fractures can be supported by using Foley catheters, which are readily available.


Pain behaviour in donkeys This prospective study by Maria Gl


frequently during M1 than the other time periods. Eating and water intake increased after analgesia (M2) and time spent in locomotion did not change during the four time periods. Behaviours such as flank-watching, kicking the abdomen, pawing the ground, and moving the head, were not observed.


Capsule endoscopy of the equine stomach


In this study Mei Steinmann and colleagues in Canada and USA tested a novel wireless endoscopy capsule suitable for imaging of the equine stomach and small intestine. The aims of this study were: 1) to test the feasibility of


using an endoscopy capsule to visualise intestinal mucosa, including an objective assessment of image quality, 2) to assess how changes in preadministration preparation affect the transit time and the amount of gastrointestinal mucosa visualised, and 3) describe intestinal mucosa lesions in healthy horses. Three protocols were used in a crossover study design using five healthy adult horses. Protocols differed in terms of exercise, time fasted, and water intake. Detailed images of the gastrointestinal mucosa were


recorded with all three protocols, including images of the pylorus, major duodenal papilla, individual villi, and ileocecal junction. Visualisation of large intestinal mucosa was poor. Interobserver agreement on image quality was excellent. The greatest percentage of mucosa in the stomach and small intestine were visualised when the capsule was administered after withholding feed for 24 h. Total transit time to capsule excretion was 3–8.75 days. Three of the 15 capsules were not recovered. Lesions visualised included mucosal erosion, ulceration and haemorrhage, areas of thickened mucosa, and evidence of parasitism. This novel endoscopic capsule appears safe, practical,


aucia Carlos de Oliveira


and colleagues in Brazil aimed to characterise the behavioural responses of donkeys to acute surgical pain after castration. Forty healthy adult male donkeys aged 2–14 years


underwent open castration under inhalant general anaesthesia following premedication with xylazine, and induction with guaiacol glyceryl ether and thiopental. Analgesia (1.1 mg/kg bwt flunixin meglumine, 10 mg/kg bwt dipyrone and 0.2 mg/kg bwt morphine i.v.) was given 4 h after recovery from anaesthesia and was repeated every 24 h for 3 days. The donkeys were filmed for 30 minutes in their individual


stalls before castration (M0), 3.5–4 h (M1), 5.5–6 h (M2) and 23.5–24 h (M3) after recovery from anaesthesia. In an attempt to exclude the influence of flies on donkey behaviour, six apparently pain free donkeys were assessed before and after their stalls were mucked out. The video footage was assessed by the same person, and differences in frequency of various behaviours at the four time points analysed. Twenty-five different behaviours were observed during the


80 h of video analysis. Lifting of the pelvic limbs was the main behaviour exhibited by donkeys in pain; occurring more


© 2020 EVJ Ltd


and noninvasive in horses; however, variability in capsule excretion time must be taken into account for clinical application.


SAA concentration after vaccination


Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a sensitive acute-phase response (APR) marker in equids. In this study Maria Duran, based in Chile, and colleagues in Germany and Australia, investigated whether vaccination with an inactivated EHV-1/-4 vaccine would cause increases in SAA concentrations [SAA] and antibody responses and whether higher [SAA] would be positively correlated with the antibody titre. Twelve Haflinger horses and 12 mules were vaccinated with


a commercially available EHV-1/-4 vaccine. Blood was sampled before and after vaccination to measure [SAA] and virus-neutralising response (VN-T). In horses and mules, significantly higher [SAA] were measured on Days 1, 3, and 5 after EHV-1/-4 vaccination; [SAA] on Day 1 after vaccination were only measured in animals that developed fever, where mean [SAA] were significantly higher in horses than in mules. Four horses and two mules developed fever after vaccination, lasting for ≤ 24 h. Increased antibody responses (VN-T) on Days 7 and 14 after vaccination were observed in all animals, whereas mules showed higher overall antibody responses.


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88