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(Reilly et al. 1998). Complete regrowth of the new horn capsule may take up to 9 months (Jackson 1969; Stanek and Brkic 1981; de Gresti et al. 2008). Daily bandage changes have been recommended


(Fessler 1989) following hoof capsule slough. Foot casts protect the distal phalanx and are more economical as they reduce the number of bandage changes (Janicek et al. 2005). Amputation of the distal limb could be considered as a salvage procedure for selected candidates: horses have successfully undergone amputation following severe trauma to the distal limb with mean survival times reported from 24 to 41 months (Crawley et al. 1989; Kelmer et al. 2004; Vlahos and Redden 2005). One limitation of the study herein is the small number of


horses and retrospective collection of data. A prospective study of distal limb lacerations could shed additional light on the early events contributing to the catastrophic spontaneous hoof loss.


Management of horses with limb trauma should include


assessment of lower limb perfusion by palpation to detect temperature changes in the lower limb and hoof, regular evaluation of the coronary band conformation, radiographic assessment of the limb and aggressive treatment of cellulitis (broad spectrum antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents). In conclusion, this case series describes a previously


unreported catastrophic complication of spontaneous hoof capsule loss following equine distal limb lacerations. An awareness of this rare complication will help veterinarians identify and perhaps potentially prevent these events in the future.


Authors’ declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.


Ethical animal research


The owners gave a spoken agreement for documenting the cases while the horses were hospitalised. This is a retrospective case series. All horses were subjected to euthanasia.


Source of funding No funding was provided for this study.


Antimicrobial stewardship policy


Critically important antimicrobials were used only based on positive bacterial culture results.


Authorship All authors contributed equally to preparation of the


manuscript, dealing with the clinical cases and gave their final approval of the manuscript.


Manufacturers' addresses 1Wyeth Sante Animale, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 2Novopharm Limited, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3Intervet Canada Corp, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada. 4Trutina Pharmacy Inc., Ancaster, Ontario, Canada. 5Dominion Veterinary Laboratories Ltd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.


© 2016 EVJ Ltd


6Macleod Pharmaceuticals Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. 7Bracco Imaging Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 8Boehringer Ingelheim, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.


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