26


EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / JANUARY 2017


in National Hunt and point-to-point racehorses. Vet. Rec. 132, 476-479.


Reef, V.B. and Genovese, R.L. (2011) Soft tissues injuries in the pastern. In: Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse, Eds: M.W. Ross and S.J. Dyson, Elsevier, St Louis. pp 810-817.


Reimer, J. (1997) Ultrasonography of the pastern. 1. Anatomy and pathology. 2. Outcome of selected injuries in racehorses. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Practnrs. 43, 123.


Reyes, A.M., Jahr, H., van Schie, H.T., Weinans, H. and Zadpoor, A.A. (2014) Prediction of the elastic strain limit of tendons. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 30, 324-338.


Riemersma, D.J. and Schamhardt, H.C. (1985) In vitro mechanical properties of equine tendons in relation to cross-sectional area and collagen content. Res. Vet. Sci. 39, 263-270.


Ross, M.W., Genovese, R.L., Dyson, S.J. and Jorgensen, J.S. (2011) Superficial digital flexor tendonitis. In: Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse, Eds: M.W. Ross and S.J. Dyson, Elsevier, St Louis. pp 706-725.


Stromberg, B. (1971) The normal and diseased superficial flexor tendon in race horses. A morphologic and physiologic investigation. Acta Radiol. Suppl. 305, 1-94.


Webbon, P.M. (1977) A post mortem study of equine digital flexor tendons. Equine Vet. J. 9, 61-67.


Continued from page 20


3MEDRAD, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 4Carestream Health, Rochester, New York, USA.


References


Ackerman, N., Garner, H.E., Coffman, J.R. and Clement, J.W. (1975) Angiographic appearance of the normal equine foot and alterations in chronic laminitis. J. Am. Vet. Ass. 166, 58-62.


Adair, III, H.S., Goble, D.O., Schmidhammer, J.L. and Shires, G.M.H. (2000) Laminar microvascular flow, measured by means of laser Doppler flowmetry, during the prodromal stages of black walnut-induced laminitis in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 61, 862-868.


Aguirre, C.N., Talavera, J. and Fernandez del Palacio, M.J. (2013) Usefulness of Doppler ultrasonography to assess digital vascular dynamics in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or laminitis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 243, 1756-1761.


Belknap, J.K., Baxter, G.M. and Nickels, F.A. (1993) Extensor tendon lacerations in horses: 50 cases (1982-1988). J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 203, 428-431.


Bell, B.T.L., Long, M.T., Chambers, M.D. and Baker, G.J. (1995) Vascular phase scintigraphic evaluation of equine distal limb perfusion following trauma: 3 cases. Equine Vet. J. 27, 228-233.


Bordalai, C.C. and Nigam, J.M. (1977) Angiographic studies of the donkey foot (normal and abnormal). Vet. Radiol. 3, 90-93.


Brianceau, P. and Divers, T.J. (2001) Acute thrombosis of limb arteries in horses with sepsis: five cases (1988-1998). Equine Vet. J. 33, 105-109.


Collins, J.N., Galuppo, L.D., Thomas, H.L., Wisner, E.R. and Hornof, W.J. (2004) Use of computed tomography angiography to evaluate the vascular anatomy of the distal portion of the forelimb of horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 65, 1409-1420.


Connell, D.A., Koulouris, G., Thorn, D.A. and Potter, H.G. (2002) Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the hand. Radiographics 22, 583-599.


Elliot, C.R.B., Vasey, J.R. and Russell, T.M. (2012) Transection of the lateral and long digital extensor tendons in racehorses. Aust. Vet. J. 90, 20-23.


Foland, J.W., Trotter, G.W., Stashak, T.S., McIlwraith, C.W., Turner, A.S. and Aanes, W.A. (1991) Traumatic injuries involving tendons of the distal limbs in horses: a retrospective study of 55 cases. Equine Vet. J. 23, 422-425.


Forrest, L.J., Cooley, A.J. and Darien, B.J. (1999) Digital arterial thrombosis in a septicemic foal. J. Vet. Int. Med. 13, 382-385.


Galey, F.D., Twardock, A.R., Goetz, T.E., Schaeffer, D.J., Hall, J.O. and Beasley, V.D. (1990) Gamma scintigraphic analysis of the distribution of perfusion of blood in the equine foot during black walnut (Juglans nigra)-induced laminitis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 51, 688-695.


Ghoshal, N.G. (1975) Equine heart and arteries. In: Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, 5th edn., Ed: R. Getty, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. pp 554-618.


© 2015 EVJ Ltd


Inaba, K., Potzman, J., Munera, F., McKenney, M., Munoz, R., Rivas, L., Dunham, M. and DuBose, J. (2006) Multi-slice CT angiography for arterial evaluation in the inured lower extremity. J. Trauma 60, 502-507.


Mespoulhes-Riviere, C., Martens, A., Bogaert, L. andWilderjans, H. (2008) Factors affecting outcome of extensor tendon lacerations in the distal limb of horses: a retrospective study of 156 cases (1994-2003). Vet. Comp. Orthop. Traumatol. 21, 358-364.


Miller-Thomas, M.M., West, O.C. and Cohen, A.M. (2005) Diagnosing traumatic arterial injury in the extremities with CT angiography: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics 25, S133-S142.


Peng, P.D., Spain, D.A., Tataria, M., Hellinger, J.C., Rubin, G.D. and Brundage, S.I. (2008) CT angiography effectively evaluates extremity vascular trauma. Am. Surg. 74, 103-107.


Pollard, R.E. and Puchalski, W.M. (2011) Reaction to intraarterial ionic iodinated contrast medium administration in anesthetized horses. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound 52, 441-443.


Ritmeester, A.M., Blevins, W.E., Ferguson, D.W. and Adams, S.B. (1998) Digital perfusion, evaluated scintigraphically, and hoof wall growth in horses with chronic laminitis treated with egg bar-heart bar shoeing and coronary grooving. Equine Vet. J. 30, Suppl. 26, 111-118.


Rosenstein, D.S., Bowker, R.M. and Bartlett, P.C. (2000) Digital angiography of the feet of horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 61, 255-259.


Sole, A., Spriet, M., Galuppo, L.D., Padgett, K.A., Borjesson, D.L., Wisner, E.R., Brosnan, R.J. and Vidal, M.A. (2012) Scintigraphic evaluation of intra-arterial and intravenous regional limb perfusion of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the normal equine distal limb using 99mTc-HMPAO. Equine Vet. J. 44, 594-599.


Soto, J.A., Munera, F., Cardoso, N., Guarin, O. and Medina, S. (1999) Diagnostic performance of helical CT angiography in trauma to large arteries of the extremities. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23, 188-196.


Soto, J.A., Munera, F., Morales, C., Lopera, J.E., Holguin, D., Guarin, O., Castrillon, G., Sanabria, A. and Garcia, G. (2001) Focal arterial injuries of the proximal extremities: helical CT arteriography as the initial method of diagnosis. Radiology 218, 188-194.


Spier, S. (1985) Arterial thrombosis as the cause of lameness in a foal. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 187, 164-165.


Trout, D.R., Hornof, W.J., Linford, R.L. and O’Brien, T.R. (1990) Scintigraphic evaluation of digital circulation during the developmental and acute phases of equine laminitis. Equine Vet. J. 22, 416-421.


White, K.K. (1983) Diaphyseal angular deformities in three foals. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 182, 272-279.


Wilmink, J.M., van Herten, J., vanWeeren, P.R. and Barneveld, A. (2002) Retrospective study of primary intention healing and sequestrum formation in horses compared to ponies under clinical circumstances. Equine Vet. J. 34, 270-273.


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72