Fig. 1. Inflamed joints treated with BMNC showed gross improvement characterized by less swelling and peri- and intra-articular hemorrhage in joints treated with BMNC (A; black arrow heads) compared to PBS (B; white arrow heads).
macrophage-associated anti-inflammatory effects. BMNCs are autologous, a point-of-care treatment, and resolve synovial inflammation, preserving the
production of molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and IL-10, which are essential for joint homeosta- sis and negatively affected by corticosteroids.
Acknowledgments
Funding Source This study was funded by the Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation. Dr. Menarim received grad-
uate assistantship support from the Interdisciplin- ary Graduate Education Program at Virginia Tech and the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine.
Declaration of Ethics
The Authors have adhered to the Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics of the AVMA.
Conflict of Interest The Authors have no conflicts of interest.
