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proposed tumour staging system for SCC in horses (van den Top et al. 2011). While skeletal metastasis is rare, it should be considered in cases of undiagnosed lameness in horses.
Authors’ declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.
Manufacturer’s address 1Merial, Duluth, Georgia, USA.
References
American Association of Equine Practitioners (1991) Guide for Veterinary Service and Judging of Equestrian Events, 4th edn., American Association of Equine Pracitioners, Lexington. p 19.
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Cramer, S.D., Breshears, M.A. and Qualls, H.J. (2011) Pathology in practice. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis with multifocal metastasis to the regional lymph nodes, lungs, and heart. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 238, 581-583.
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Mair, T.S., Walmsley, J.P. and Philips, T.J. (2000) Surgical treatment of 45 horses affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and prepuce. Equine Vet. J. 32, 406-410.
Ornellas, A.A., Seixas, A.L., Marota, A.,Wisnescky, A., Campos, F. and de Moraes, J.R. (1994) Surgical treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: retrospective analysis of 350 cases. J. Urol. 151, 1244-1249.
Patterson, L.J., May, S.A. and Backer, J.R. (1990) Skeletal metastasis of a penile squamous cell carcinoma. Vet. Rec. 126, 579-580.
Pow-Sang, M.R., Ferreira, U., Pow-Sang, J.M., Nardi, A.C. and Destefano, V. (2010) Epidemiology and natural history of penile cancer. Urology 76, Suppl. 2A, S2-S6.
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van den Top, J.G.B., Ensink, J.M., Barneveld, A. and van Weeren, P.R. (2011) Penile and preputial squamous cell carcinoma in the horse and proposal of a classification system. Equine Vet. Educ. 23, 636-648.
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