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EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / MARCH 2015


153


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Romifidine-tiletamine-zolazepam total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for clinical anesthesia in horses. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 29, 92-93.


Branson, K. (2011) Analgesia and pain control for laminitis. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Practnrs. 57, 301-302.


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Castroman, P. and Ness, T. (2002) Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist, inhibits the spinal neuronal responses to distension of the rat urinary bladder. Anesthesiol. 96, 1410-1419.


Clarke, K., Taylor, P. and Watkins, S. (1986) Detomidine/ketamine anesthesia in the horse. Acta Vet. Scand. 82, 167-179.


Cohen, M., Chan, S., Way, W. and Trevor, A. (1973) Distribution in the brain and metabolism of ketamine in the rat after intravenous administration. Anesthesiol. 39, 370-376.


Davis, E. and Davis, J. (2013) Pain management: updates on NSAIDs and alternative pain therapies. In: N. Am. Vet. Conf., Orlando, Florida. vol. 27, p 294-300.


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Diamond, M., Young, L., Bartram, D., Greggs, A., Clutton, R., Long, K. and Jones, R. (1993) Clinical evaluation of romifidine/ketamine/ halothane anesthesia in horses. Vet. Rec. 132, 572-575.


Doherty, T., Geiser, D. and Rohrbach, B. (1995) Effects of high-volume epidural morphine, butorphanol, and ketamine on halothane MAC in the horse. J. Vet. Anaesth. 22, 37.


Domino, E., Chodoff, P. and Corssen, G. (1965) Pharmacologic effects of CI 581, a new dissociative anesthetic, in man. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 6, 279-291.


Falls, H., Hoy, J. and Corssen, G. (1966) CI-581: an intravenous or intramuscular anesthetic for office ophthalmic surgery. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 61, 1093-1095.


Fielding, C., Brumbaugh, G., Matthews, N., Peck, K. and Roussel, A. (2006) Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of a subanesthetic continuous rate infusion of ketamine in awake horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67, 1484-1490.


Fisher, R. (1984) A field trial of ketamine anaesthesia in the horse. Equine Vet. J. 16, 176-179.


Fu, E., Miguel, R. and Scharf, J. (1997) Preemptive ketamine decreases postoperative narcotic requirements in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Anesth. Analg. 84, 1086-1090.


Geiser, D. (1992) Chemical restraint and anesthesia of the draft horse. In: Current Therapy in Equine Medicine, 3rd edn., Ed: N.E. Robinson, WB Saunders, Philadelphia. pp 95-101.


Gooding, J., Dimick, A., Tavakoli, M. and Corssen, G. (1977) A physiologic analysis of cardiopulmonary responses to ketamine anesthesia in noncardiac patients. Anesth. Analg. 56, 813-816.


Greene, S., Thurmon, J., Tranquilli, W. and Benson, G. (1986) Cardiopulmonary effects of continuous intravenous infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine in ponies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 47, 2364-2367.


Guillou, N., Tanguy, M., Seguin, P., Branger, B., Campion, J.-P. and Malledant, Y. (2003) The effects of small-dose ketamine on morphine consumption in surgical intensive care patients after major abdominal surgery. Anesth. Analg. 97, 843-847.


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Hubbell, J. (2006) Improving and extending xylazine-ketamine anesthesia. In: N. Am. Vet. Conf., Orlando, Florida. vol. 20, p 116-118.


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Hubbell, J., Aarnes, T., Lerche, P. and Bednarski, R. (2012) Evaluation of a midazolam-ketamine-xylazine infusion for total intravenous anesthesia in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 73, 470-475.


Iida, H., Dohi, S., Tanahashi, T., Watanabe, Y. and Takenaka, M. (1997) Spinal conduction block by intrathecal ketamine in dogs. Anesth. Analg. 85, 106-110.


Ivankovitch, A., Miletich, D., Reinmann, C., Albrecht, R. and Zahed, B. (1974) Cardiovascular effects of centrally administered ketamine in goats. Anesth. Analg. 53, 924-933.


Iwasaki, H., Collins, J., Namiki, A., Yamasawa, Y., Omote, K. and Omote, T. (1991) Effects of ketamine on behavioral responses to somatic and visceral stimuli in rats. Masui 40, 1691-1694.


Jackson, A., Dhadphale, P., Callaghan, M. and Alseri, S. (1978) Haemodynamic studies during induction of anaesthesia for open-heart surgery using diazepam and ketamine. Br. J. Anaesth. 50, 375-378.


Kariman, A., Nowrouzian, I. and Bkhtiari, J. (2000) Caudal epidural injection of a combination of ketamine and xylazine for perineal analgesia in horses. Vet. Anaesth. Analg. 27, 115.


Kee, W., Khaw, K., Ma, M., Mainland, P.-A. and Gin, T. (1997) Postoperative analgesic requirement after cesarean section: a comparison of anesthetic inudction with ketamine or thiopental. Anesth. Analg. 85, 1294-1298.


Kerr, C., McDonell, W. and Young, S. (1996) A comparison of romifidine and xylazine when used with diazepam/ketamine for short duration anesthesia in the horse. Can. Vet. J. 37, 601-609.


Kerr, C., McDonell, W. and Young, S. (2004) Cardiopulmonary effects of romifidine/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine when used for short duration anesthesia in the horse. Can. J. Vet. Res. 68, 274-282.


Kerr, D., Jones, E., Huggins, K. and Edwards, W. (1972) Sedative and other effects of xylazine given intravenously to horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 33, 525-532.


Kohrs, R. and Durieux, M. (1998) Ketamine: teaching an old drug new tricks. Anesth. Analg. 87, 1186-1193.


Kwok, R., Lim, J., Chan, M., Gin, T. and Chiu, W. (2004) Preoperative ketamine improves postoperative analgesia after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Anesth. Analg. 98, 1044-1049.


Lanning, C. and Harmel, M. (1975) Ketamine anesthesia. Annu. Rev. Med. 26, 137-141.


Lin, H., Thurmon, J., Benson, G., Tranquilli, W. and Olson, W. (1993) Guaifenesin/ketamine/xylazine anesthesia for castration in ponies: a comparative study with two different doses of ketamine. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 13, 29-32.


Longnecker, D. and Sturgill, B. (1976) Influence of anesthetic agents on survival following hemorrhage. Anesthesiol. 45, 516-521.


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