148
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / MARCH 2015
TABLE 1: Use of ketamine combinations for anaesthesia in horses Drugs
Dose (mg/kg bwt)
Acepromazine Methadone Ketamine
Acepromazine Methadone Xylazine
Ketamine
Detomidine Ketamine
Detomidine Butorphanol Ketamine
Detomidine Detomidine Ketamine
Guaifenesin
Detomidine Ketamine
Guaifenesin
0.1 or 0.4 0.1 or 0.4 2–2.5
0.1
0.15 1.1 2.2
0.02 2.2
0.02 0.04 2
0.022
0.005 mg/ml 2 mg/ml 50 mg/ml
CRI: 2.2 ml/kg bwt/h
0.04 mg/ml 4 mg/ml
100 mg/ml CRI: 0.67 ± 0.17 ml/kg bwt/h
CRI CRI CRI
140 Route
i.v. i.v. i.v.
i.v. i.v. i.v. i.v.
i.v., wait 6–8 min i.v.
i.v. i.v. i.v.
i.m. CRI CRI CRI
Duration (min)
3–18
Comments
Muscle tremors for <1 min after induction
----- Inadequate anaesthesia
Reference
(Fisher 1984) (Parsons and Walmsley 1982)
(Fisher 1984)
10–15 -----
Better muscle relaxation than XK
Potential rough recovery
Prolonged duration of anaesthesia Improved quality of recovery as compared to DK
-----
Use in ponies Good muscle relaxation and analgesia
Ponies stood within 24–40 min following discontinuation of CRI
Use in pregnant pony mares Reduced CRI to 0.28 ± 0.14 ml/kg bwt/h from 2nd hour
May need supplemental 100% O2
Good recovery Standing at 60 ± 28 min following discontinuation of CRI
Diazepam Ketamine
Diazepam
Butorphanol Morphine Ketamine Lidocaine
Diazepam Morphine Morphine Ketamine Lidocaine
Medetomidine Midazolam Ketamine
Medetomidine Midazolam Ketamine
Midazolam Butorphanol Morphine Ketamine Lidocaine
Midazolam Morphine Morphine Ketamine Lidocaine
0.05–0.2 2, 4 or 8
0.05–0.1 0.02
0.1 mg/kg bwt/h
0.15–0.3 mg/kg bwt/h 0.6–1.5 mg/kg bwt/h
0.05–0.1 0.1
0.1 mg/kg bwt/h
0.15–0.3 mg/kg bwt/h 0.6–1.5 mg/kg bwt/h
Induction 0.005 0.04 2.5
Maintenance 0.1 mg/ml 0.8 mg/ml 40 mg/ml
0.05–0.1 0.02
0.1 mg/kg bwt/h
0.15–0.3 mg/kg bwt/h 0.6–1.5 mg/kg bwt/h
0.05–0.1 0.1
0.1 mg/kg bwt/h
0.15–0.3 mg/kg bwt/h 0.6–1.5 mg/kg bwt/h
i.v. i.v.
i.v. i.v.
CRI CRI CRI
i.v. i.v.
CRI CRI CRI
38 ± 8
i.v. i.v. i.v.
CRI -----
20, 60 or 100 Anaesthesia Visceral analgesia
-----
Use in foals DB for preanaesthetics MKL for maintenance of anaesthesia
Adjust infusion rate of CRI to avoid prolonged recovery
Use in foals DM for preanaesthetics MKL for maintenance of anaesthesia
Adjust infusion rate of CRI to avoid prolonged recovery
Horses stood within 33 ± 13 min
(Yamashita et al. 2007) (Burns 2008) (Brock and Hildebrand 1990) (Burns 2008) (Taylor et al. 2001)
(Clarke et al. 1986) (Matthews et al. 1991b)
(Thurmon et al. 1991)
(Clarke et al. 1986) (Matthews et al. 1991b)
i.v. i.v.
CRI CRI CRI
i.v. i.v.
CRI CRI CRI
-----
-----
Use in foals MB for preanaesthetics MKL for maintenance of anaesthesia
Adjust infusion rate of CRI to avoid prolonged recovery
Use in foals MM for preanaesthetics MKL for maintenance of anaesthesia
Adjust infusion rate of CRI to avoid prolonged recovery
(Burns 2008)
(Burns 2008)
© 2014 EVJ Ltd
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