EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / MARCH 2016
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a)
b)
Fig 6: Photographs, Case 2, (a) Maxillary incisors frontal view and (b) maxillary incisors dorsolateral view. a) b)
Fig 7: Radiographs Case 2, (a) Mandibular incisors and (b) maxillary incisors. Lateral and oblique radiographs of all dental quadrants
as well as intraoral radiographs of the maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth were taken. The radiographs of the cheek teeth confirmed the wear abnormalities of the occlusal surface that were found during oral examination and revealed blunting of the roots, loss of the lamina dura, partial alveolar bone loss, severe bulbous enlargement and an irregular appearance of the roots on all cheek teeth (Fig 8). Radiographs of the incisors showed typical severe radiological signs of EOTRH (Fig 7) described by H€ (2012).
uls et al. Based on the findings of the oral examination and
radiographs a diagnosis of severe EOTRH affecting all teeth was made. Senile CT are typically mostly composed of cementum as the rest of the dental materials such as enamel are worn away during the course of the normal attrition; this could create some confusion with EOTRH. It is important to note that in CT affected by EOTRH it is the disproportionate quantity of cementum relative to dentin and enamel combined with the radiographic findings described that distinguish it from normal geriatric changes. All incisors and 411 were extracted under sedation and
local anaesthesia. All extracted teeth were submitted for histopathology. Due to the horse’s age and the severe abnormalities of
wear, no dental equilibration was performed. The pony recovered well after exodontia and showed a good appetite for soaked feed. She was treated with flunixin meglumine
(1.1 mg/kg bwt) for 6 days after surgery. The pony was discharged 14 days after presentation. Five months later the referring veterinarian had to extract
some more cheek teeth due to further loosening. However, according to the owner, the pony was eating and doing well.
Examination of extracted teeth
Macroscopic findings – dental surfaces All incisors and the 411 CT were extracted. These teeth shared the same macroscopic appearance. The reserve crowns were largely worn away and the occlusal surfaces showed the typical characteristics of senile equine teeth, i.e. only remnants of enamel ridges were present. The shape and angulation of the supragingival parts of the teeth were highly irregular indicating severe malocclusion. The morphology of the intra-alveolar parts of the teeth was highly remodelled. Instead of featuring clearly defined roots, the intra-alveolar portions consisted of rounded protrusions. The intra-alveolar dental regions showed the same characteristics as described for Case 1 which were deposits of cementum-like tissue with areas containing necrotic tissue (Fig 8).
Histopathological findings Further histopathological investigations were performed on all right upper and lower incisors as well as on tooth 411. The histopathological findings were the same as described for
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