Fig. 5. View of a normal cranial cruciate ligament just caudal to the attachment at the medial tibial eminence as it courses through the intercondylar notch area.
ligament of the lateral meniscus (Fig. 11). A verti- cal radial tear of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus was identified in a weight-bearing stifle. The severity of the lesion could not be fully appreci- ated during the standing procedure. The lesion was confirmed through standard arthroscopy in which the full extent of the tear was detected by probe manipulation. In cases in which therapeutic arthroscopy (under general anesthesia with the use of
Fig. 4. A, Simultaneous diagnostic arthroscopy and ultrasono- graphic examination in a standing horse with the operated limb flexed. B, Synovial fluid draining from a stiff (2.5-mm) cannula inserted in the cranial compartment of the MFT joint from a lateral portal in a standing horse. C, Cannula placement in the caudal compartment of the MFT joint in a standing horse.
cadaver stifles followed by examination in normal stifles of standing horses.8 To date, the authors have identified a broad range
of lesions with the use of the needle scope. These include full-thickness cartilage erosion of articular cartilage (Fig. 7) and horizontal articular cartilage lacerations, an axial lesion of the medial meniscus (Fig. 8), and a loose body identified in the intercon- dylar area (undetected on radiographs and ultra- sound) (Fig. 9) have been seen. Other syndromes include a horizontal meniscal lesion (in a weight- bearing stifle) (Fig. 10) and tearing of the cranial
Fig. 6. Correct hand placement on the cannula, which is used to manipulate the scope in the joint. No torque is placed on the scope or camera.
