Received: 3 October 2023 | Accepted: 3 October 2023 DOI: 10.1111/eve.13901
R E S E A R CH HIGHL IGHT S Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers
INSULIN RESPONSES TO ORAL SUGARS This study, by Edd Knowles and co-workers in the UK, aimed to describe associations between binary InsulinT60 status and season, and physi- cally apparent and owner-reported data to inform strategies to target insulin dysregulation (ID) screening. More complex associations between continuous InsulinT60 and other metabolic markers, owner-reported data and physical features to indicate relationships relevant to ID patho- physiology were also described . Nonlaminitic ponies were examined and oral sugar tests (OSTs)
(0.3 mL/kg Karo syrup) performed every 6 months (autumn and spring) for ≤4 years. Factors associated with InsulinT60 were deter- mined using mixed-effects models with physical, owner-reported, season and serum/plasma markers as fixed effects and pony and premises identifiers as random effects. A total of 1763 OSTs from 367 ponies were included. High-risk
InsulinT60 (>153 μIU/mL) was independently associated with (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval [CI]): age (1.36, 1.16–1.60), body con- dition score (BCS) (2.38, 1.21–4.69) and bulging supraorbital fat pads (7.25, 2.1–24.98). However, the initial models provided little explana- tory power (Nakagawa R 2 = 0.1–0.27). InsulinT60 was independently associated with (effect estimate, 95% CI): age (0.02, 0.01–0.04), Welsh/Welsh X breed (0.22, 0.05, 0.39), sex (gelding = −0.2, −0.34 to 0.06), BCS (0.16, 0.08–0.23), plasma adiponectin (−0.02, −0.02 to 0.01) and basal insulin (0.01, 0.01–0.01) in spring and age (0.03, 0.02– 0.04), BCS (0.17, 0.08–0.26), bulging supraorbital fat pads (0.37, 0.2– 0.54), turnout score (0.05, 0.02–0.09), plasma adiponectin (−0.01, −0.02 to 0.01), ACTH (per 10 pg/mL) (0.01, 0.00–0.01), triglycerides (0.28, 0.07–0.49) and InsulinT0 (0.01, 0.01–0.01) in autumn. Season, owner-reported and physical features only explained
10%–27% of the differences in InsulinT60 risk status in this popu- lation. While physical and owner-reported features can be used to suggest ponies with a higher risk of ID, veterinarians should not limit testing for ID to ponies in which these risk factors are present.
EFFECT OF FIROCOXIB ON LARGE COLON WALL THICKNESS
In this study, Rebecca Bishop and co-workers at the University of Illinois, USA, compared the effects of firocoxib and flunixin meglumine on ultra- sonographic indicators of colonic inflammation in healthy horses . Twelve healthy adult horses were administered flunixin meglu- mine (1.1 mg/kg bwt IV q. 12 h) and omeprazole (1 mg/kg bwt per os
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q. 24 h) for 5 days, allowed a 6-month washout period, then admin- istered firocoxib (0.3 mg/kg bwt per os once, then 0.1 mg/kg bwt per os q. 24 h for 4 days) and omeprazole. Transabdominal ultrasono- graphic examination and serum chemistry profiles were performed at the beginning and end of each treatment week. Colon wall thickness increased over time when horses re-
ceived firocoxib (median post-treatment 5.8 mm, interquartile range 2.8 mm), but not flunixin (median 3 mm, interquartile range 1.2 mm) and was significantly greater following firocoxib compared to flu- nixin. Colonic oedema was noted more frequently following treat- ment with firocoxib (11/12 horses), compared to flunixin (1/12 horses). There were no clinically significant alterations in haemato- logical parameters after administration of either drug. The increase in colon wall thickness following treatment with
firocoxib may suggest a risk of subclinical colitis in healthy horses. Monitoring colonic health when NSAIDs are used in a clinical setting is warranted.
TRIGEMINAL-MEDIATED HEADSHAKING
The aims of this study by Tanja Kloock and co-workers in Germany and the UK were to develop and validate a precise scoring system for trigemi- nal-mediated headshaking: History, Rest and Exercise Score (HRE-S). The HRE-S consists of three sub-scores: history score (H-S), resting score (R-S) and exercise score (E-S) . Seven masked observers with different experience used HRE-S
to score 40 video recordings taken during rest and lungeing includ- ing five duplicates. Video recordings were taken from nine horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking and three controls. Inter- and intraobserver reliability and practicability of HRE-S were assessed. For every video recording, severity of clinical signs was graded by every observer using an intuitive global-type scale and interobserver reliability was calculated. Reliability for HRE-S was excellent,
irrespective of observers '
experience: Spearman ' s Rho = 0.946 (intraobserver reliability) and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.98 (interobserver reliability). Interobserver reliability for intuitive global-type-scale was fair to substantial: Fleiss ' Kappa = 0.48 (R-S) −0.63 (E-S). Groups created by intuitive global-type-scale had significantly different R-S and E-S, demonstrating discriminant validity. Convergent validity was proven as horses with grade 3/3 had significantly higher average E-S and total scores compared with an existing score than those with grade 0/3 or 1/3.
aaep.org/wiley-redirect Equine Vet Educ. 2024;36:2–3.
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