Received: 22 August 2022 | Accepted: 17 April 2023 DOI: 10.1111/eve.13815
C A S E IMAG E
Use of the endometrial histopathology to improve diagnosis of donkeys with endometritis
Rongzheng Wu 1 | Feng Yu 1,2 | Gilbert Reed Holyoak 3 | Yu Gao 4 Jing Li 1,2
1 Equine Clinical Diagnostic Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China 2 China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China 3 College of Veterinary Medicine , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , Oklahoma , USA 4 The University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover , Niedersachsen , Germany
Correspondence : Jing Li and Yiping Zhu Email:
jlivet@cau.edu.cn and yipingz@cau.
edu.cn
Funding information China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital , Grant/Award Number: 1051- 2221005
| Yiping Zhu 1 |
Summary Endometritis in donkeys is increasingly being recognised in China because of its impact on reproductive performance. Histopathological examination of the endometrial biopsy is the gold standard method for equine endometritis diagnosis, but so far, its application to diagnose donkey endometritis has been limited. In this study, 48 jennies at donkey farms in Hebei province, China, diagnosed with endometritis had an endometrial biopsy per- formed from 2019 to 2021 for histopathological examination and were categorised into grade I (2/48), IIA (24/48), IIB (15/48) and III (7/48). Selected typical endometrial biopsy samples of each category along with cytology from four jennies with endometritis were described more specifically.
K E YWORDS horse , diagnosis , donkeys , endometritis histopathology , histopathology
INTRODUCTION
Endometritis is an important disease affecting the reproductive per- formance in equine patients, with a number of studies focusing on the effects of this disease in mares (Morris et al., 2020 ). In China, endometritis is emerging as a difficult challenge to improving the re- productive performance of jennies in intensive donkey production systems. Our previous study isolated bacteria including E. coli from endometrial swab samples of jennies with reproductive disorders on a donkey farm in China, leading researchers to pay more attention to this disease (Zhao et al., 2022 ). Donkey farms in China generally make a tentative diagnosis of
endometritis by transrectal ultrasonographic examination to evalu- ate uterine intraluminal- fluid accumulation, combined with clinical signs such as vaginal discharge. However, these methods are not able to fully evaluate endometrial inflammation and fibrosis which are critical markers of endometritis (de Amorim et al., 2016 ). Other
diagnostic methods which have been widely used in mares including uterine culture and cytology as well as endometrial biopsy are not commonly used to diagnose donkey endometritis in China. Histopathological examination of endometrial biopsy samples
is currently the most accurate method for the diagnosis of equine endometritis, which categorises the degree of endometrial inflam- mation and fibrosis according to the Kenny- Doig grading system. A previous study used the grading system to categorise the en- dometrial histopathological changes in jennies associated with endometritis (Miró et al., 2020 ; Sokkar et al., 2001 ). In persistent mating- induced endometritis of jennies, endometrial histopathol- ogy has been characterised by heavy infiltration of polymorpho- nuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and eosinophils (Vilés et al., 2013 ). Our study was designed to evaluate the endometrial histological features of jennies with endometritis using the Kenny- Doig grad- ing system, along with the results of paired endometrial cytology samples.
Equine Vet Educ. 2024;36:43–50.
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