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NOVEMBER 2022
2009; Turner, 2011; Oliveira et al., 2020). Thus, the objective herein was to illustrate the main findings obtained through the fractionated semen collection during the routine reproductive care of stallions. Additionally, we aimed to describe the main applicability and limitations of the fractionated semen collection for the diagnosis of reproductive disorders of stallions.
Applicability of the fractionated semen collection technique and case descriptions
The images were obtained from clinical cases of stallions referred for care in the animal breeding sector at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the S~ (UNESP).
ao Paulo State University Initially, the medical history of each of the stallions was
obtained. Secondly, the physiological parameters of each patient were determined by veterinarians. Finally, a mare in oestrus was used to stimulate the stallion and specific examinations of the reproductive system components (e.g. penis, prepuce, scrotum, spermatic cords, testes, epididymides, penile urethra andurethral fossa) were conducted. Semen was collected from each stallion through an equine artificial vagina (Botucatu type; Botupharma,
Botucatu, SP, Brazil), which was filled with warm water at 45°C. Upon stimulation of the stallion with a mare in oestrus, and after the stallion achieved full erection, the horse was then allowed to mount the phantom for ejaculate collection. After the collection of the ejaculate, the colour, appearance and volume were assessed. Simultaneously to this first examination, an image of the total ejaculate was obtained. The sperm concentration was determined with a
haemocytometer and sperm motility parameters were assessed with a computer-assisted sperm analyser (IVOS 12; Hamilton Thorne Inc., Beverly, MA, USA). Furthermore, after sperm collection, a sample was stained with a Diff-Quick kit (Instant Prov; NewProv. Pinhais, PR, Brazil). The predominant cell type found in each of the samples was recorded.
Fractionated semen collection method
In order to evaluate repeatability, three new semen collections were performed, using a method for fractionated semen collection, within 48-h intervals. The aforementioned method involved an adapted artificial
vaginal compared to the commonly used one. The adapted artificial vagina used herein has a longer liner, and it is tapered in the end. In addition, the adapted artificial vagina does not
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Fig 1: (a) Model of the fractionated collection system used for clinical examination of stallions’ reproductive tract. (1) Modified open- ended artificial vagina; (2) latex liner; (3) closed disposable plastic inner liner and the black arrow denotes the puncture in the plastic liner; (4) crile haemostatic forceps. (b) Assembled artificial vagina for fractionated semen collection as described by Oliveira et al. (2020) (Video S1).
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