NOVEMBER 2022


613


FC FC FC


FB


FB


FB


FA a) b)


FA c)


FA d)


Fig 11: (a) Conventional semen collection from a stallion diagnosed with urospermia, with alterations in the colour of the ejaculate. (b, c and d) Fractionated semen collection in a stallion with urospermia. (b) During the fractionated semen collection, urine can be isolated in fraction C. (c) During the fractionated semen collection, fraction A was the only fraction without presence of urine. (d) Evidence of urospermia in every fraction of the ejaculate (FA, FB and FC) (Video S6, Video S7 and Video S8).


Conclusion


The use of the fractionated semen collection technique presented herein may serve to develop a list of likely differential diagnoses, not necessarily a conclusive diagnosis; and ideally, the observations made during fractionisation of an ejaculate would be used in association with other complementary examinations tocometoadefinitive diagnosis. In addition, it is an accessible technique that may be used during the andrological examination of stallions.


Author’s declaration of interests No conflicts of interest have been declared.


Ethical animal research Not applicable to this retrospective study.


Source of funding This work was funded by S~


ao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (Grant #2014/00354-0).


Authorship S. Oliveira, E. Araujo, L. Silva, R. Hayashi and F. Papa contributed to study design, study execution, data analysis


and interpretation, and preparation of the manuscript. V. Merenda contributed to data analysis and interpretation. All authors gave their final approval of the manuscript.


References


Andrade Jr, L.R.P., Segabinazzi, L.G.T.M., Oliveira, S.N., Dell’Aqua, J.A. Jr and Papa, F.O. (2020) An approach to rescue the fertility of stallions with a high level of hemospermia. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 55, 1258-1262. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13717.


Bedford, S.J., McDonnell, S.M., Tulleners, E., King, D. and Habecker, P. (2000) Squamous cell carcinoma of the urethral process in a horse with hemospermia and self-mutilation behavior. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 216, 551-553. https://doi. org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.551.


Blanchard, T.L., Woods, J.A., Brinsko, S.P., Varner, D.D. and Boothe, D.M. (2002) Theriogenology question of the month. Treatment options for erosive seminal vesiculitis caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221, 793-795.


Ellerbrock, R.E., Honorato, J., Curcio, B.R., Stewart, J.L., Souza, J.A.T., Love, C.C. et al. (2018) Effect of urine contamination on stallion semen freezing ability. Theriogenology 117, 1-6.


Honorato, J., Souza, J.A.T., Costa, D.N.M. and Viana, D.C. (2019) Urospermia in horses. Revista Agraria Academica 2(1), 144-160.


McKinnon, A.O. (2013) Enfermedades y alteraciones de padrillos en servicio. In: III congreso Argentino de Reproduccıon Equina. pp 64- 77.


Oliveira, S.N., Andrade Jr, L.R.P., Silva, L.F.M.C., Araujo, E.A.B., Rayashi, R.M., Alvarenga, M.A. et al. (2020) Fractionated semen collection


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