IN-DEPTH: COLIC References
1. Pearson H, Messervy A, Pinsent PJN. Surgical treatment of abdominal disorders in the horse. JAmVet Med Assoc 1971; 159:1344–1352.
2. Tennant B. Intestinal obstruction in the horse: Some as- pects of differential diagnosis in equine colic, in Proceedings. Am Assoc Equine Pract 1975;38:426–438.
3. Hunt JM, Edwards GB, Clarke KW. Incidence, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications in colic cases. Equine Vet J 1986;18:264–270.
4. Edwards GB, Hunt JM. An analysis of the incidence of equine postoperative ileus (POl) and an assessment of the predisposing factors, in Proceedings. 2nd Equine Colic Res Symp 1985;307–312.
5. Huskamp B. The diagnosis and treatment of acute abdom- inal conditions in the horse: The various types and fre- quency as seen at the Animal Hospital in Hochmoor, in Proceedings. 1st Equine Colic Res Symp 1982;261–272.
Fig. 7. These survival curves are from references 18,19 (black lines), and 89 (red lines). In reference 89, jejunojejunostomy had a superior survival rate than jejunocecostomy. The other curves were generated from two separate publications on these proce- dures in strangulated intestine18,19
and show little difference
between jejunojejunostomy and jejunocecostomy, both procedures performed by the same surgeon over the same timeframe. Solid lines are jejunojejunostomy and broken lines are jejunocecostomy.
to those in younger horses.88 The decision to continue with treatment of older horses could be influenced by closeness to the end of their estimated life span and the presence of comor- bidities (pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, laminitis, and equine metabolic syndrome).
● Surgeons need to recognize the value of a jeju- nocecostomy, despite the lower survival rates and complications reported for this proce- dure,89 because recent studies have demon- strated similar long-term survival rates as with jejunojejunostomy18,19 (Fig. 7; Table 1).
● Owners and referring veterinarians should be aware that horses can return to the expected level of performance after colic surgery, and at the highest level in demanding sporting activities.80,81,90,91
● A multifactorial approach should be taken to treating the horse with postoperative reflux, placing more emphasis on surgical prevention and less on medical management.78
● The current level of funding through agencies that support research into colic needs to be augmented through more generous donations from horse owners and other supporters of equestrian activities. Those who derive en- joyment and wealth through horses need to contribute more to improving the health of the animal to whom they owe so much.
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest The Author declares no conflicts of interest.
202 2014 Vol. 60 AAEP PROCEEDINGS
6. Freeman DE. Surgery of the small intestine. In: Auer JA and Stick JA, eds. Equine Surgery 4th ed. St. Lou- is: Elsevier, 2011;416–453.
7. Milne DW, Tarr MJ, Lochner FK, et al. Left dorsal displace- ment of the colon in the horse. J Equine Med & Surg 1977; 1:47–52.
8. Huskamp B, Kopf N. Right dorsal displacement of the large colon in the horse. Equine Pract 1983;5:20–29.
9. Bonfig H, Huskamp B. Zur therapie der verlagerung des colon ascendens in den milznierenraum. Pferdeheilkunde 1986;2:205–272.
10. MacDonald M, Pascoe J, Stover S, et al. Survival after small intestine resection and anastomosis in horses. Vet Surg 1989;18:415–423.
11. Proudman CJ, Edwards GB, Barnes J, et al. Factors affect- ing long-term survival of horses recovering from surgery of the small intestine. Equine Vet J 2005;37:360–365.
12. Freeman DE, Schaeffer DJ, Cleary OB. Long-term survival in horses with strangulating obstruction of the small intes- tine managed without resection. Equine Vet J. 2013 Nov 18 [Epub ahead of print].
13. Fogle CA, Gerard MP, Correa M, et al. An analysis of fac- tors associated with a prolonged duration of colic (344 horses), in Proceedings. 10th Equine Colic Res Symp 2011; 202.
14. Donawick WJ, Christie BA, Stewart JV. Resection of dis- eased ileum in the horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1971;159: 1146–1149.
15. Vasey JR, Julian RJ. Elective inversion of the distal ileal stump into the caecum of the horse. Equine Vet J 1987;19: 223–225.
16. Gerard MP, Blikslager AT, Roberts MC, et al. The charac- teristics of intestinal injury peripheral to strangulating ob- struction lesions in the equine small intestine. Equine Vet J 1999;31:331–335.
17. Freeman DE, Hammock P, Baker GJ, et al. Short- and long-term survival and prevalence of postoperative ileus after small intestinal surgery in the horse. Equine Vet J Suppl 2000;32:42–51.
18. Freeman DE, Schaeffer DJ. Comparison of complications and long-term survival rates following hand-sewn versus sta- pled side-to-side jejunocecostomy in horses with colic. JAm Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:1060–1067.
19. Freeman DE, Schaeffer DJ. Clinical comparison between a continuous Lembert pattern wrapped in a carboxymethylcel- lulose and hyaluronate membrane with an interrupted Lem- bert pattern for one-layer jejunojejunostomy in horses. Equine Vet J 2011;43:708–713.
20. Morton AJ, Blikslager AT. Surgical and postoperative fac- tors influencing short-term survival of horses following small intestinal resection : 92 cases (1994–2001). Equine Vet J 2002;34:450–454.
21. Fogle CA, Gerard MP, Elce YA, et al. Analysis of sodium carboxymethylcellulose administration and related factors associated with postoperative colic and survival in horses with small intestinal disease. Vet Surg 2008;37:558–563.
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