THE AMERICAN MUSTANG
5. Rivera del Alamo MM, Reilas T, Kindahl H, et al. Mecha- nisms behind intrauterine device-induced luteal persistence in mares. Animal Reprod Sci 2008;107:94–106.
6. Turner JW, Kirkpatrick JF. Androgens, behavior and fertil- ity control in stallions. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1982;32:79– 87.
7. Malmgren L, Andresen O, Dalin AM. Effect of GnRH im- munization on hormonal levels, sexual behavior, semen qual- ity and testicular morphology in mature stallions. Equine Vet J 2001;33:75–83.
8. Stout TAE, Colenbrander B. Suppressing reproductive activ- ity in horses using GnRH vaccines, antagonists or agonists. Animal Reprod Sci 2004;82–83:633–643.
9. Turkstra J, Van Der Meer F, Knaap J, et al. Effects of GnRH immunization in sexually mature pony stallions. An- imal Reprod Sci 2005;86:247–259.
10. Janett F, Stump R, Burger D, et al. Suppression of testicu- lar function and sexual behavior by vaccination against GnRH (EquityTM 2009;115:88–102.
) in the adult stallion. Animal Reprod Sci
11. Roser JF, Hughes JP. Prolonged pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to fertile stallions. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1991;44:155–168.
12. Brinsko SP, Squires EL, Pickett BW, et al. Gonadal and pituitary responsiveness of stallions is not down-regulated by prolonged pulsatile administration of GnRH. J Androl 1998;19:100–109.
13. Boyle MS, Skidmore J, Zhang J, et al. The effects of contin- uous treatment of stallions with high levels of a potent GnRH analogue. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1991;44:169–182.
14. Montovan SM, Daels PF, Rivier J, et al. The effect of a potent GnRH agonist pm gonadal and sexual activity in the horse. Theriogenology 1990;33:1305–1321.
15. Asa CS. Male reproductive success in free-ranging feral horses. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 1999;47:89–93.
16. Eagle TC, Asa CS, Garrott RA, et al. Efficacy of dominant male contraception to reduce reproduction in feral horses. Wildl Soc Bull 1993;21:116–121.
17. Daels PF, Hughes JP. Fertility control using intrauterine devices: An alternative for population control in wild horses. Theriogenology 1995;44:629–639.
18. Killian G, Miller LA, Diehl NK, et al. Evaluation of three contraceptive approaches for population control of wild horses. In: Proceedings. 21st Vertebrate Pest Conf 2004;263– 268.
19. Turner JW, Kirkpatrick JF. New methods for selective con- traception of wild animals. In: Cohn PN, Plotka ED, Seal US, eds. Contraception in Wildlife. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press 1996;191–208.
20. Plotka ED, Eagle TC, Vevea DN, et al. Effects of hormone implants on estrus and ovulation in feral mares. J Wildl Dis 1988;24:507–514.
21. Eagle TC, Plotka ED, Garrott RA, et al. Efficacy of chemical contraception in feral mares. Wildl Soc Bull 1992;20:211– 216.
22. Plotka ED, Vevea DN, Eagle TC, et al. Hormonal contra- ception of feral mares with Silastic rods. J Wildl Dis 1992; 28:255–262.
23. Plotka ED, Vevea DN. Serun ethinylestradiol (EE2) concen- trations in feral mares following hormonal contraception with homogenous implants. Biol Reprod 1990;42(Suppl 1): 43.
24. Naden J, Squires EL, Nett TM. Effect of maternal treat- ment with altrenogest on age at puberty, hormone concentra- tions, pituitary response to exogenous GnRH, oestrous cycle characteristics and fertility of fillies. J Reprod Fertil 1990; 88:185–195.
25. Neuhauser S, Palm F, Ambuehl F, et al. Effects of altreno- gest treatment of mares in late pregnancy on parturition and on neonatal viability of their foals. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2008;116:423–428.
26. Asa CS, Porton I, Baker AM, et al. Contraception as a man- agement tool for controlling surplus animals. In: Kleiman DG, Allen ME, Thompson KV, Lumpkin S, eds. Principles
and Techniques. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996;451–467.
27. Safir JM, Loy RG, Fitzgerald BP. Inhibition of ovulation in the mare by active immunization against LHRH. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1987;35:229–237.
28. Goodloe RB, Warren RJ, Sharp DC. Sterilization of feral and captive horses: A preliminary report. In: Cohn PN, Plotka ED, Seal US, eds. Contraception in Wildlife. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon Press; 1997;229–246.
29. Killian G, Thain D, Diehl NK, et al. Four-year contracep- tion rates of mares treated with single-injection porcine zona pellucida and GnRH vaccines and intrauterine de- vices. Wildl Res 2008;35:531–539.
30. Gray ME, Thain DS, Cameron EZ, Miller LA. Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single- injection immunocontraceptive formulations. Wildl Res 2010;37:475–481.
31. Imboden I, Janett F, Burger D, et al. Influence of immuni- zation against GnRH on reproductive cyclicity and estrous behavior in the mare. Theriogenology 2006;66:1866–1875.
32. Botha AE, Schulman ML, Bertshinger HJ, et al. The use of GnRH vaccine to suppress mare ovarian activity in a larger group of mares under field conditions. Wildl Res 2008;35: 548–554.
33. Robinson SJ, McKinnon AO. Prolonged ovarian inactivity in broodmares temporarily associated with administration of Equity. Aust. Equine Vet 2006;25:84–86.
34. Elhay M, Newbold A, Britton A, et al. Suppression of be- havioural and physiological oestrus in the mare by vaccina- tion against GnRH. Aust. Vet J 2007;85:39–45.
35. Liu IKM, Bernoco M, Feldman M. Contraception in mares heteroimmunized with pig zona pellucidae. J Reprod Fertil 1989;85:19–28.
36. Bechert U, Bartell J, Kutzler M, et al. Effects of two porcine zona pellucida immunocontraceptive vaccine on ovarian ac- tivity in horses. J Wildl Manage 2013;77:1386–1400.
37. Kirkparick JF, Naugle R, Liu IKM, et al. Effects of seven consecutive years of porcine zona pellucida contraception on ovarian function in feral mares Biol of Reprod Monogr 1995; 1:411–418.
38. Roelle JE, and Ransom JI. Injection site reactions in wild horses (Equus caballus) receiving an immunocontraceptive vaccine. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Rep 2009–5038 2009;1–15.
39. Turner JW, Liu IKM, Flanagan DR, et al. Immunocontra- ception in wild horses: One inoculation provides two years of infertility. J Wildl Manage 2007;71:662–667.
40. Kirkpatrick JF, Liu IKM, Turner JW. Remotely-delivered immunocontraception in feral horses. Wildl Soc Bull 1990; 18:326–330.
41. Kirkpatrick JF, Perkins AN, Turner JW. Reversible fertil- ity control in feral horses. J Equine Vet Sci 1982;2:114–118.
42. Barber MR, Fayer-Hosken RA. Evaluation of somatic and reproductive immunotoxic effects of the porcine zona pellu- cida vaccination. J Exp Zool 2000;286:641–646.
43. Gray ME. The influence of reproduction and fertility manip- ulation on the social behavior of feral horses (Equus caballus) [dissertation]. Reno, NV: University of Nevada; 2009.
44. Powell DM. Evaluation of effects of contraceptive population control on behavior and the role of social dominance in female feral horses, (Equus caballus) [dissertation]. College Park, MD: University of Maryland; 2000.
45. Turner, JW, Kirkparick JF. Effects of immunocontraception on population, longevity and body condition in wild mares (Equus caballus). Reproduction Suppl 2002;60:187–195.
46. King SS. Autumnal transition out of the breeding season. In: McKinnon AO, Squires EL, Vaala WE, Varner DD, eds. Equine Reproduction. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Wiley- Blackwell; 2011:1732–1753.
aRegumate, Intervet, Inc., Millsboro, DE 19966. bGonacon-K and Gonacon-B, National Wildlife Research Cen-
ter, USDA/APHIS, Fort Collins, CO 80521. AAEP PROCEEDINGS Vol. 60 2014 431
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207 |
Page 208 |
Page 209 |
Page 210 |
Page 211 |
Page 212 |
Page 213 |
Page 214 |
Page 215 |
Page 216 |
Page 217 |
Page 218 |
Page 219 |
Page 220 |
Page 221 |
Page 222 |
Page 223 |
Page 224 |
Page 225 |
Page 226 |
Page 227 |
Page 228 |
Page 229 |
Page 230 |
Page 231 |
Page 232 |
Page 233 |
Page 234 |
Page 235 |
Page 236 |
Page 237 |
Page 238 |
Page 239 |
Page 240 |
Page 241 |
Page 242 |
Page 243 |
Page 244 |
Page 245 |
Page 246 |
Page 247 |
Page 248 |
Page 249 |
Page 250 |
Page 251 |
Page 252 |
Page 253 |
Page 254 |
Page 255 |
Page 256 |
Page 257 |
Page 258 |
Page 259 |
Page 260 |
Page 261 |
Page 262 |
Page 263 |
Page 264 |
Page 265 |
Page 266 |
Page 267 |
Page 268 |
Page 269 |
Page 270 |
Page 271 |
Page 272 |
Page 273 |
Page 274 |
Page 275 |
Page 276 |
Page 277 |
Page 278 |
Page 279 |
Page 280 |
Page 281 |
Page 282 |
Page 283 |
Page 284 |
Page 285 |
Page 286 |
Page 287 |
Page 288 |
Page 289 |
Page 290 |
Page 291 |
Page 292 |
Page 293 |
Page 294 |
Page 295 |
Page 296 |
Page 297 |
Page 298 |
Page 299 |
Page 300 |
Page 301 |
Page 302 |
Page 303 |
Page 304 |
Page 305 |
Page 306 |
Page 307 |
Page 308 |
Page 309 |
Page 310 |
Page 311 |
Page 312 |
Page 313 |
Page 314 |
Page 315 |
Page 316 |
Page 317 |
Page 318 |
Page 319 |
Page 320 |
Page 321 |
Page 322 |
Page 323 |
Page 324 |
Page 325 |
Page 326 |
Page 327 |
Page 328 |
Page 329 |
Page 330 |
Page 331 |
Page 332 |
Page 333 |
Page 334 |
Page 335 |
Page 336 |
Page 337 |
Page 338 |
Page 339 |
Page 340 |
Page 341 |
Page 342 |
Page 343 |
Page 344 |
Page 345 |
Page 346 |
Page 347 |
Page 348 |
Page 349 |
Page 350 |
Page 351 |
Page 352 |
Page 353 |
Page 354 |
Page 355 |
Page 356 |
Page 357 |
Page 358 |
Page 359 |
Page 360 |
Page 361 |
Page 362 |
Page 363 |
Page 364 |
Page 365 |
Page 366 |
Page 367 |
Page 368 |
Page 369 |
Page 370 |
Page 371 |
Page 372 |
Page 373 |
Page 374 |
Page 375 |
Page 376 |
Page 377 |
Page 378 |
Page 379 |
Page 380 |
Page 381 |
Page 382 |
Page 383 |
Page 384 |
Page 385 |
Page 386 |
Page 387 |
Page 388 |
Page 389 |
Page 390 |
Page 391 |
Page 392 |
Page 393 |
Page 394 |
Page 395 |
Page 396 |
Page 397 |
Page 398 |
Page 399 |
Page 400 |
Page 401 |
Page 402 |
Page 403 |
Page 404 |
Page 405 |
Page 406 |
Page 407 |
Page 408 |
Page 409 |
Page 410 |
Page 411 |
Page 412 |
Page 413 |
Page 414 |
Page 415 |
Page 416 |
Page 417 |
Page 418 |
Page 419 |
Page 420 |
Page 421 |
Page 422 |
Page 423 |
Page 424 |
Page 425 |
Page 426 |
Page 427 |
Page 428 |
Page 429 |
Page 430 |
Page 431 |
Page 432 |
Page 433 |
Page 434 |
Page 435 |
Page 436 |
Page 437 |
Page 438 |
Page 439 |
Page 440 |
Page 441 |
Page 442 |
Page 443 |
Page 444 |
Page 445 |
Page 446 |
Page 447 |
Page 448 |
Page 449 |
Page 450 |
Page 451 |
Page 452 |
Page 453 |
Page 454 |
Page 455 |
Page 456 |
Page 457 |
Page 458 |
Page 459 |
Page 460 |
Page 461 |
Page 462 |
Page 463 |
Page 464 |
Page 465 |
Page 466 |
Page 467 |
Page 468 |
Page 469 |
Page 470 |
Page 471 |
Page 472 |
Page 473 |
Page 474 |
Page 475 |
Page 476 |
Page 477 |
Page 478 |
Page 479 |
Page 480 |
Page 481 |
Page 482 |
Page 483 |
Page 484 |
Page 485 |
Page 486 |
Page 487 |
Page 488 |
Page 489 |
Page 490 |
Page 491 |
Page 492 |
Page 493 |
Page 494 |
Page 495 |
Page 496 |
Page 497 |
Page 498 |
Page 499 |
Page 500 |
Page 501 |
Page 502 |
Page 503 |
Page 504 |
Page 505 |
Page 506 |
Page 507 |
Page 508 |
Page 509 |
Page 510 |
Page 511 |
Page 512 |
Page 513 |
Page 514 |
Page 515 |
Page 516 |
Page 517 |
Page 518 |
Page 519 |
Page 520 |
Page 521 |
Page 522 |
Page 523 |
Page 524 |
Page 525 |
Page 526 |
Page 527 |
Page 528 |
Page 529 |
Page 530 |
Page 531 |
Page 532 |
Page 533 |
Page 534 |
Page 535 |
Page 536 |
Page 537 |
Page 538 |
Page 539 |
Page 540 |
Page 541 |
Page 542 |
Page 543 |
Page 544 |
Page 545 |
Page 546 |
Page 547 |
Page 548 |
Page 549 |
Page 550 |
Page 551 |
Page 552 |
Page 553 |
Page 554 |
Page 555 |
Page 556 |
Page 557 |
Page 558 |
Page 559 |
Page 560 |
Page 561 |
Page 562 |
Page 563 |
Page 564 |
Page 565 |
Page 566 |
Page 567 |
Page 568 |
Page 569 |
Page 570 |
Page 571 |
Page 572 |
Page 573 |
Page 574 |
Page 575 |
Page 576 |
Page 577 |
Page 578 |
Page 579 |
Page 580 |
Page 581 |
Page 582 |
Page 583 |
Page 584 |
Page 585 |
Page 586 |
Page 587
