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IN-DEPTH: COLIC


22. Proudman CJ, French NP, Smith JE, et al. Long term sur- vival of equine surgical colic cases. Part 1: Patterns of mor- tality and morbidity. Equine Vet J 2002;34:432–437.


23. Mair TS, Smith LJ. Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 3: Long- term complications and survival. Equine Vet J 2005;37: 310–314.


24. Gorvy DA, Edwards GB, Proudman CJ. Intra-abdominal adhesions in horses: A retrospective evaluation of repeat laparotomy in 99 horses with acute gastrointestinal disease. Vet J 2008;175:194–201.


25. Torfs S, Delesalle C, Dewulf J, et al. Risk factors for equine postoperative ileus and effectiveness of prophylactic lido- caine. J Vet Intern Med 2009;23:606–611.


26. Murphy DJ, Peck LS, Detrisac CJ, et al. Use of a high- molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose in a tissue protec- tive solution for prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions in ponies. Am J Vet Res 2002;63:1448–1454. ´pez JM, Provost PJ, et al. Surgical


27. Jenei TM, García-Lo


management of small intestinal incarceration through the gastrosplenic ligament: 14 cases (1994–2006). JAmVet Med Assoc 2007;231:1221–1224.


28. Stewart S, Southwood LL, Aceto HW. Comparison of short- and long-term complications and survival following jejunoje- junostomy, jejunoileostomy, and jejunocaecostomy in 112 horses: 2005–2010. Equine Vet J 2014;46:333–338.


29. Semevolos SA, Ducharme NG, Hackett RP. Clinical assess- ment and outcome of three techniques for jejunal resection and anastomosis in horses: 59 cases (1989–2000). JAm Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:215–218.


30. Naylor RJ, Taylor AH, Knowles E, et al. Comparison of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam for post-operative man- agement of horses with strangulating small intestinal le- sions. Equine Vet J. 2013 Dec 24 [Epub ahead of print].


31. Garcia-Seco E, Wilson DA, Kramer J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with outcome of surgical removal of pedunculated lipomas in horses: 102 cases (1987– 2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:1529–1537.


32. Blikslager AT, Bowman KF, Levine JF, et al. Evaluation of factors associated with postoperative ileus in horses: 31 cases (1990–1992). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;205:1748– 1752.


33. Roussel AJ, Cohen ND, Hooper RN, et al. Risk factors as- sociated with development of postoperative ileus in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:72–78.


34. Cohen ND, Lester GD, Sanchez LC, et al. Evaluation of risk factors associated with development of postoperative ileus in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:1070–1078.


35. Senior JM, Proudman CJ, Leuwer M, et al. Plasma endo- toxin in horses presented to an equine referral hospi- tal: Correlation to selected clinical parameters and outcomes. Equine Vet J 2011;43:585–591.


36. Fessler JF, Bottoms GD, Coppoc GL, et al. Plasma endo- toxin concentrations in experimental and clinical equine sub- jects. Equine Vet J Suppl 1989;7:24–28.


37. King JN, Gerring EL. Detection of endotoxin in cases of equine colic. Vet Rec 1988;123:269–271.


38. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992;101:1644–1655.


39. Allen D, White NA, Tyler DE. Morphologic effects of exper- imental distention of equine small intestine. Vet Surg 1988; 17:10–14.


40. Dabareiner RM, Sullins KE, Snyder JR, et al. Evaluation of the microcirculation of the equine small intestine after in- traluminal distention and subsequent decompression. AmJ Vet Res 1993;54:1673–1682.


41. Cook VL, Meyer CT, Campbell NB, et al. Effect of firocoxib or flunixin meglumine on recovery of ischemic-injured equine jejunum. Am J Vet Res 2009;70:992–1000.


42. Matyjaszek SA, Morton AJ, Freeman DE, et al. Effects of flunixin meglumine on recovery of colonic mucosa from isch- emia in horses. Am J Vet Res 2009;70:236–246.


43. Bauer AJ, Boeckxstaens GE. Mechanisms of postoperative ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil Suppl 2004;16:54–60.


44. De Winter BY, De Man JG. Interplay between inflamma- tion, immune system and neuronal pathways: Effect on gas- trointestinal motility. World J Gastroenterol 2010;28:5523– 5535.


45. Little D, Tomlinson JE, Blikslager AT. Postoperative neu- trophilic inflammation in equine small intestine after manip- ulation and ischaemia. Equine Vet J 2005;37:329–335. 46. Rathmanner M, Staszyk C, Ro


¨tting AK. Comparison of the


local inflammatory response in horses undergoing small in- testinal resection with and without development of postoper- ative ileus, in Proceedings. Equine Colic Res Symp 2011; 184–185.


47. Story SK, Chamberlain RS. A comprehensive review of ev- idence-based strategies to prevent and treat postoperative ileus. Dig Surg 2009;26:265–275.


48. Jefcoat AM, Wagner JG, Robinson NE. The neutrophil: Understanding ancient and powerful responses in the inflam- matory balance. Equine Vet J 2003;35:5–6.


49. Easley JT, Cleary OB, Graham AS, et al. Surgical manage- ment of reflux and colic after jejunojejunostomy or no resec- tion in horses that had strangulating lesions, in Proceedings. 10th Equine Colic Res Symp 2011;147.


50. Malone E, Ensink J, Turner T, et al. Intravenous continu- ous infusion of lidocaine for treatment of equine ileus. Vet Surg 2006;35:60–66.


51. Cook VL, Blikslager AT. Use of systemically administered lidocaine in horses with gastrointestinal tract disease. JAm Vet Med Assoc 2008;232:1144–1148.


52. Van Hoogmoed LM, Nieto JE, Snyder JR, et al. Survey of prokinetic use in horses with gastrointestinal injury. Vet Surg 2004;33:279–285.


53. Rusiecki KE, Nieto JE, Puchalski SM, et al. Evaluation of continuous infusion of lidocaine on gastrointestinal tract function in normal horses. Vet Surg 2008;37:564–570.


54. Milligan M, Beard W, Kukanich B, et al. The effect of lido- caine on postoperative jejunal motility in normal horses. Vet Surg 2007;36:214–220.


55. Guschlbauer M, Hoppe S, Geburek F, et al. In vitro effects of lidocaine on the contractility of equine jejunal smooth muscle challenged by ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Equine Vet J 2010;42:53–58.


56. Guschlbauer M, Feige K, Geburek F, et al. Effects of in vivo lidocaine administration at the time of ischemia and reper- fusion on in vitro contractility of equine jejunal smooth mus- cle. Am J Vet Res 2011;72:1449–1455.


57. Tappenbeck K, Hoppe S, Reichert C, et al. In vitro effects of lidocaine on contractility of circular and longitudinal equine intestinal smooth muscle. Vet J 2013;198:170–175. ´ JR, Barnabe


58. Peiro ´ PA, Cadioli FA, et al. Effects of lidocaine


infusion during experimental endotoxemia in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2010;24:940–948.


59. Cook VL, Jones Shults J, McDowell MR, et al. Anti-inflam- matory effects of intravenously administered lidocaine hydro- chloride on ischemia-injured jejunum in horses. Am J Vet Res 2009;70:1259–1268.


60. Cook VL, Jones Shults J, McDowell M, et al. Attenuation of ischaemic injury in the equine jejunum by administration of systemic lidocaine. Equine Vet J 2008;40:353–357.


61. Cook VL. Lidocaine: We all use it - now we know why, in Proceedings. International Vet Emerg Critical Care Symp http://www.vin/com/doc/?id5478423.


62. Cook VL, Neuder LE, Blikslager AT, et al. The effect of lidocaine on in vitro adhesion and migration of equine neu- trophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009;129:137–142.


63. Williams JM, Lin YJ, Loftus JP, et al. Effect of intravenous lidocaine administration on laminar inflammation in the black walnut extract model of laminitis. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:261–269.


AAEP PROCEEDINGS  Vol. 60  2014 203


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