neuromuscular disease induces generalized weak- ness, difficulty supporting weight, base-narrow stance, paresis or paralysis, muscle fasciculations, and tendency to become recumbent. Segmental re- flexes can be decreased or absent in neuromuscular disease. The two most common diffuse neuromus- cular diseases of horses are equine motor neuron disease and botulism. Focal LMN disease or neu- ropathy lead to specific signs that pertain to the affected region, such as specific gait deficits and focal muscle atrophy.
Acknowledgments
Declaration of Ethics The Author declares that she has adhered to the Prin- ciples of Veterinary Medical Ethics of the AVMA.
Conflict of Interest The Author declares no conflicts of interest.
