administered at the rate of 2 mL/h.1 A novel liposomal-encapsulated bupivacaine formulation is being used for postoperative pain in humans with effective analgesia lasting 24 hours or more. It has been used as a local infiltration postoperatively with effects seen for as long as 2 days.
An epidural catheter is used for the perineural infusions.
Alternatively, a diffusion catheter can be placed
(Fig. 5). A 0.125% bupivicaine solution with 0.1mL of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate added to each 20 mL of bupivicaine and 1:200 000 epinephrine can be
Declaration of Ethics The Author declares that he has adhered to the Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics of the AVMA.
Conflict of Interest The Author declares no conflicts of interest.
Reference
1. Zarucco L, Driessen B, Scanella M, et al. Sensory nerve con- duction and nociception in the equine lower forelimb during perineural bupivacaine infusion along the palmar nerves. Can J Vet Res 2010;74:305–313.
