FRANK J. MILNE STATE-OF-THE-ART LECTURE
6. Barnett TP, Smith LCR, Cheetham J, et al. A call for consensus on upper airway terminology. Equine Vet J 2015;47:505–507.
7. Lane JG, Bladon B, Little DRM, et al. Dynamic obstruc- tions of the equine upper respiratory tract. Part 2: Com- parison of endoscopic findings at rest and during high-speed treadmill exercise of 600 Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J 2006;38:401–407.
8. Witte SHP, Witte TH, Harriss F, et al. Association of owner-reported noise with findings during dynamic respira- tory endoscopy in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J 2011;43:9–17.
9. Franklin SH, Price C, Burn JF. The displaced equine soft palate as a source of abnormal respiratory noise during expiration. Equine Vet J 2004;36:590–594.
10. Cramp P, Derksen FJ, Stick JA, et al. Effect of ventricu- lectomy versus ventriculocordectomy on upper airway noise in draught horses with recurrent laryngeal neuropa- thy. Equine Vet J 2009;41:729–734.
11. Derksen FJ, Holcombe SJ, Hartmann W, et al. Spectrum analysis of respiratory sounds in exercising horses with experimentally induced laryngeal hemiplegia or dorsal dis- placement of the soft palate. AmJ Vet Res 2001;62:659–664.
12. Kannegieter NJ, Dore ML. Endoscopy of the upper respi- ratory tract during treadmill exercise: A clinical study of 100 horses. Aust Vet J 1995;72:101–107.
13. Davidson EJ, Martin BB, Boston RC, et al. Exercising upper respiratory videoendoscopic evaluation of 100 nonrac- ing performance horses with abnormal respiratory noise and/or poor performance. Equine Vet J 2011;43:3–8.
14. Van Erck E. Dynamic respiratory videoendoscopy in rid- den sport horses: Effect of head flexion, riding and airway inflammation in 129 cases. Equine Vet J 2011;43 Suppl 4:18–24.
15. Hawkins JF, Tulleners EP, Ross MW, et al. Laryngoplasty with or without ventriculectomy for treatment of left laryngeal hemiplegia in 230 racehorses. Vet Surg 1997;26:484–491.
16. Brown JA, Derksen FJ, Stick JA, et al. Ventriculocordec- tomy reduces respiratory noise in horses with laryngeal hemiplegia. Equine Vet J 2003;35:570–574.
17. Derksen FJ. Overview of upper airway function. In: Auer JA, Stick JA, eds. Equine Surgery, Vol 3. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier, 2006:516–522.
18. Green SL, Cochrane SM, Smith-Maxie L. Horner’s syn- drome in ten horses. Can Vet J 1992;33:330–333.
19. Simoens P, Lauwers H, De Muelenare C, et al. Horner’s syndrome in the horse: A clinical, experimental and mor- phological study. Equine Vet J Suppl 1990;10:62–65.
20. David F, Savard C, Drolet R, et al. Congenital branchial apparatus malformation in a Haflinger colt. Vet Surg 2008;37:3–11.
21. Lane JG. Fourth branchial arch defects. In: McGorum BC, Dixon PM, Robinson NE, Schumacher J, eds. Equine Respiratory Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2007;467–472.
22. Ducharme NG, Hackett RP, Fubini SL, et al. The reliabil- ity of endoscopic examination in assessment of arytenoid cartilage movement in horses. Part II: Influence of side of examination, reexamination, and sedation. Vet Surg 1991; 20:180–184.
23. Archer RM, Lindsay WA, Duncan ID. A comparison of techniques to enhance the evaluation of equine laryngeal function. Equine Vet J 1991;23:104–107.
24. Lindegaard C, Husted L, Ullum H, et al. Sedation with detomidine and acepromazine influences the endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal function in horses. Equine Vet J 2007;39:553–556.
25. Holcombe SJ, Derksen FJ, Stick JA, et al. Effect of bilat- eral blockade of the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve on soft palate function in horses. Am J Vet Res 1998;59:504– 508.
26. Klebe EA, Holcombe SJ, Rosenstein D, et al. The effect of bilateral glossopharyngeal nerve anaesthesia on swallowing in horses. Equine Vet J 2005;37:65–69.
114 2016 Vol. 62 AAEP PROCEEDINGS
27. Borges AS, Watanabe MJ. Guttural pouch diseases caus- ing neurologic dysfunction in the horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2011;27:545–572.
28. Barton AK, Cehak A, Ohnesorge, B. Transendoscopic laser surgery of a transient pharyngeal collapse in flexed position of the head in 7 horses. In: 4th
World Equine Airways Symposium (WEAS), Berne, Switzerland, 2009;205.
29. Blazyczek I, Hamann H, Deegen E, et al. Retrospective analysis of 50 cases of guttural pouch tympany in foals. Vet Rec 2004;154:261–264.
30. Blazyczek I, Hamann H, Ohnesorge B, et al. Population genetic analysis of the heritability of gutteral pouch tym- pany in Arabian purebred foals. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochen- schr 2003;110:417–419.
31. Grenager NS, Divers TJ, Mohammed HO, et al. Epidemi- ological features and association with crib-biting in horses with neurological disease associated with temporohyoid os- teoarthropathy (1991–2008). Equine Vet Educ 2010;22: 467–472.
32. Divers TJ, Ducharme NG, de Lahunta A, et al. Temporo- hyoid osteoarthropathy. Clin Tech Equine Pract 2006;5: 17–23.
33. Pease AP, van Biervliet J, Dykes NL, et al. Complication of partial stylohyoidectomy for treatment of temporohyoid os- teoarthropathy and an alternative surgical technique in three cases. Equine Vet J 2004;36:546–550.
34. Murray SJ, Elce YA, Woodie JB, et al. Evaluation of survival rate and athletic ability after nonsurgical or surgi- cal treatment of cleft palate in horses: 55 cases (1986– 2008). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:406–410.
35. Barakzai SZ, Fraser BSL, Dixon PM. Congenital defects of the soft palate in 15 mature horses. Equine Vet J 2014;46: 185–188.
36. Bertone JJ, Traub-Dargatz JL, Trotter GW. Bilateral hy- poplasia of the soft palate and aryepiglottic entrapment in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986;188:727–728.
37. Kumar P, Timoney JF. Histology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of the equine palatine tonsil. Anat His- tol Embryol 2005;34:192–198.
38. Kirkham LE, Vasey JR. Surgical cleft soft palate repair in a foal. Aust Vet Journal; 2002;80:143–146.
39. Franklin SH, Naylor JR, Lane JG. Videoendoscopic evalu- ation of the upper respiratory tract in 93 sport horses during exercise testing on a high-speed treadmill. Equine Vet J 2006;38(S36):540–545.
40. Parente EJ, Martin BB, Tulleners EP, et al. Dorsal dis- placement of the soft palate in 92 horses during high-speed treadmill examination (1993–1998). Vet Surg 2002;31: 507–512.
41. Rehder RS, Ducharme NG, Hackett RP, et al. Measure- ment of upper airway pressures in exercising horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Am J Vet Res 1995; 56:269–274.
42. Rakestraw PC, Hackett RP, Ducharme NG, et al. Aryte- noid cartilage movement in resting and exercising horses. Vet Surg 1991;20:122–127.
43. Dixon PM, Robinson E, Wade JF, eds. Workshop sum- mary: Consensus statements on equine recurrent laryn- geal neuropathy. In: Havemeyer Foundation Proceedings of a Workshop on Equine Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy. Stratford-upon-Avon, UK: R&W Publications, 2003;93–97.
44. Stick JA, Peloso JG, Morehead JP, et al. Endoscopic as- sessment of airway function as a predictor of racing perfor- mance in Thoroughbred yearlings: 427 cases (1997–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;219:962–967.
45. Brown JA, Hinchcliff KW, Jackson MA, et al. Prevalence of pharyngeal and laryngeal abnormalities in Thoroughbreds racing in Australia, and their association with performance. Equine Vet J 2005;37:397–401.
46. Lane JG. Long-term longitudinal study of laryngeal func- tion in 187 foals. In: Dixon P, Robinson E, Wade JF, eds. Proceedings of a Workshop on Equine Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy, 7–10 September 2003. Vol 11. Havemeyer
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207 |
Page 208 |
Page 209 |
Page 210 |
Page 211 |
Page 212 |
Page 213 |
Page 214 |
Page 215 |
Page 216 |
Page 217 |
Page 218 |
Page 219 |
Page 220 |
Page 221 |
Page 222 |
Page 223 |
Page 224 |
Page 225 |
Page 226 |
Page 227 |
Page 228 |
Page 229 |
Page 230 |
Page 231 |
Page 232 |
Page 233 |
Page 234 |
Page 235 |
Page 236 |
Page 237 |
Page 238 |
Page 239 |
Page 240 |
Page 241 |
Page 242 |
Page 243 |
Page 244 |
Page 245 |
Page 246 |
Page 247 |
Page 248 |
Page 249 |
Page 250 |
Page 251 |
Page 252 |
Page 253 |
Page 254 |
Page 255 |
Page 256 |
Page 257 |
Page 258 |
Page 259 |
Page 260 |
Page 261 |
Page 262 |
Page 263 |
Page 264 |
Page 265 |
Page 266 |
Page 267 |
Page 268 |
Page 269 |
Page 270 |
Page 271 |
Page 272 |
Page 273 |
Page 274 |
Page 275 |
Page 276 |
Page 277 |
Page 278 |
Page 279 |
Page 280 |
Page 281 |
Page 282 |
Page 283 |
Page 284 |
Page 285 |
Page 286 |
Page 287 |
Page 288 |
Page 289 |
Page 290 |
Page 291 |
Page 292 |
Page 293 |
Page 294 |
Page 295 |
Page 296 |
Page 297 |
Page 298 |
Page 299 |
Page 300 |
Page 301 |
Page 302 |
Page 303 |
Page 304 |
Page 305 |
Page 306 |
Page 307 |
Page 308 |
Page 309 |
Page 310 |
Page 311 |
Page 312 |
Page 313 |
Page 314 |
Page 315 |
Page 316 |
Page 317 |
Page 318 |
Page 319 |
Page 320 |
Page 321 |
Page 322 |
Page 323 |
Page 324 |
Page 325 |
Page 326 |
Page 327 |
Page 328 |
Page 329 |
Page 330 |
Page 331 |
Page 332 |
Page 333 |
Page 334 |
Page 335 |
Page 336 |
Page 337 |
Page 338 |
Page 339 |
Page 340 |
Page 341 |
Page 342 |
Page 343 |
Page 344 |
Page 345 |
Page 346 |
Page 347 |
Page 348 |
Page 349 |
Page 350 |
Page 351 |
Page 352 |
Page 353 |
Page 354 |
Page 355 |
Page 356 |
Page 357 |
Page 358 |
Page 359 |
Page 360 |
Page 361 |
Page 362 |
Page 363 |
Page 364 |
Page 365 |
Page 366 |
Page 367 |
Page 368 |
Page 369 |
Page 370 |
Page 371 |
Page 372 |
Page 373 |
Page 374 |
Page 375 |
Page 376 |
Page 377 |
Page 378 |
Page 379 |
Page 380 |
Page 381 |
Page 382 |
Page 383 |
Page 384 |
Page 385 |
Page 386 |
Page 387 |
Page 388 |
Page 389 |
Page 390 |
Page 391 |
Page 392 |
Page 393 |
Page 394 |
Page 395 |
Page 396 |
Page 397 |
Page 398 |
Page 399 |
Page 400 |
Page 401 |
Page 402 |
Page 403 |
Page 404 |
Page 405 |
Page 406 |
Page 407 |
Page 408 |
Page 409 |
Page 410 |
Page 411 |
Page 412 |
Page 413 |
Page 414 |
Page 415 |
Page 416 |
Page 417 |
Page 418 |
Page 419 |
Page 420 |
Page 421 |
Page 422 |
Page 423 |
Page 424 |
Page 425 |
Page 426 |
Page 427 |
Page 428 |
Page 429 |
Page 430 |
Page 431 |
Page 432 |
Page 433 |
Page 434 |
Page 435 |
Page 436 |
Page 437 |
Page 438 |
Page 439 |
Page 440 |
Page 441 |
Page 442 |
Page 443 |
Page 444 |
Page 445 |
Page 446 |
Page 447 |
Page 448 |
Page 449 |
Page 450 |
Page 451 |
Page 452 |
Page 453 |
Page 454 |
Page 455 |
Page 456 |
Page 457 |
Page 458 |
Page 459 |
Page 460 |
Page 461 |
Page 462 |
Page 463 |
Page 464 |
Page 465 |
Page 466 |
Page 467 |
Page 468 |
Page 469 |
Page 470 |
Page 471 |
Page 472 |
Page 473 |
Page 474 |
Page 475 |
Page 476 |
Page 477 |
Page 478 |
Page 479 |
Page 480 |
Page 481 |
Page 482 |
Page 483 |
Page 484 |
Page 485 |
Page 486 |
Page 487 |
Page 488 |
Page 489 |
Page 490 |
Page 491 |
Page 492 |
Page 493 |
Page 494 |
Page 495 |
Page 496 |
Page 497 |
Page 498 |
Page 499 |
Page 500 |
Page 501 |
Page 502 |
Page 503 |
Page 504 |
Page 505 |
Page 506 |
Page 507 |
Page 508 |
Page 509 |
Page 510 |
Page 511 |
Page 512 |
Page 513 |
Page 514 |
Page 515 |
Page 516 |
Page 517 |
Page 518 |
Page 519 |
Page 520 |
Page 521 |
Page 522 |
Page 523 |
Page 524 |
Page 525 |
Page 526 |
Page 527 |
Page 528 |
Page 529 |
Page 530 |
Page 531 |
Page 532 |
Page 533 |
Page 534 |
Page 535 |
Page 536 |
Page 537 |
Page 538 |
Page 539 |
Page 540 |
Page 541 |
Page 542 |
Page 543 |
Page 544 |
Page 545 |
Page 546 |
Page 547 |
Page 548 |
Page 549 |
Page 550 |
Page 551 |
Page 552 |
Page 553 |
Page 554 |
Page 555 |
Page 556 |
Page 557 |
Page 558 |
Page 559 |
Page 560 |
Page 561 |
Page 562 |
Page 563 |
Page 564 |
Page 565 |
Page 566 |
Page 567 |
Page 568 |
Page 569 |
Page 570 |
Page 571 |
Page 572 |
Page 573 |
Page 574 |
Page 575 |
Page 576 |
Page 577 |
Page 578 |
Page 579 |
Page 580 |
Page 581 |
Page 582 |
Page 583 |
Page 584 |
Page 585 |
Page 586 |
Page 587 |
Page 588 |
Page 589 |
Page 590 |
Page 591 |
Page 592 |
Page 593 |
Page 594 |
Page 595 |
Page 596 |
Page 597 |
Page 598 |
Page 599 |
Page 600 |
Page 601 |
Page 602 |
Page 603 |
Page 604 |
Page 605 |
Page 606 |
Page 607 |
Page 608 |
Page 609 |
Page 610 |
Page 611 |
Page 612 |
Page 613 |
Page 614 |
Page 615 |
Page 616 |
Page 617 |
Page 618 |
Page 619 |
Page 620 |
Page 621 |
Page 622 |
Page 623 |
Page 624 |
Page 625 |
Page 626 |
Page 627 |
Page 628
