Received: 6 March 2024 | Accepted: 6 March 2024 DOI: 10.1111/eve.13970
R E S E A R CH HIGHL IGHT S Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF PLAIN RADIOGRAPHY
In this study, Marie Michotte and co- workers in Belgium assessed diag- nostic accuracy of plain radiography to identify synovial penetration in horses with traumatic limb wounds . Case records of horses presented to the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine of Ghent University with limb wounds near synovial struc- tures were categorised in groups with and without synovial penetra- tion using results of synovial fluid analysis and surgical findings. Plain radiographic images were evaluated retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for the total study sample and for the cases with and without use of a metallic probe in the wound during radiographic evaluation. Based on the 141 horses with synovial penetration and 75 cases
without synovial involvement, plain radiography presented a sensitiv- ity of 61% (95% CI: 52%–69%), a specificity of 81% (95% CI: 70%–89%), a PPV of 86% (95% CI: 79%–90%) and a NPV of 53% (95% CI: 46%– 58%). With the use of a metallic probe, a sensitivity of 54% (95% Cl: 39%–69%), a specificity of 88% (95% Cl: 64%–99%), a PPV of 93% (95% Cl: 78%–98%) and a NPV of 41% (95% Cl: 32%–49%) were obtained. These results indicate that if plain radiographs suggest syno-
vial penetration in horses with a wound near a synovial cavity, then synovial penetration is likely, but the absence of plain radiographic findings does not rule out synovial penetration. The results were similar in the subsets of cases with and without the use of a metallic probe during radiographic evaluation.
CARDIAC BIOMARKERS AND SHOW JUMPING
This study by Francesco Fazio and co- workers in Italy investigated the acute effect of a bout of show jumping training on serum activity of car- diac and muscular biomarkers in healthy athletic horses, including car- diac troponin (cTnI), myoglobin (MB), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lac- tate dehydrogenase (LDH) . Serum samples were collected from seven Italian Saddle horses
(3 geldings and 4 mares; 10 ± 3 years; mean body weight 480 ± 70 kg), regularly trained for show jumping, at four timepoints: at rest, imme- diately after exercise (show jumping simulate trial) and during the recovery period (30 and 60 min after exercise). The ANOVA was
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applied to all parameters, and Pearson correlation coefficient t ( r ) was evaluated. Immediately after exercise there was an increase in cTnI, MB and CPK; a positive correlation between cTnI and AST and between AST and LDH; and a negative correlation between cTnI and ALT, and between ALT and CPK. Thirty minutes after exercise, there was a positive correlation between AST and ALT, and between AST and LDH, while 60 min after exercise, there was a positive correla- tion between MB and LDH and a negative correlation between AST and CPK. These results demonstrate the cardiac and muscular re- sponse to short- term intense show jumping exercise.
MULTIRESISTANT URINARY INFECTIONS
In this case report, Elisa Scala and co- workers in Sweden and Australia described a horse with unilateral pyelonephritis caused by extended- spectrum
beta- lactamase- producing bacteria belonging to the
Enterobacter cloacae complex as a complication of cystotomy . An 11- year- old Swedish Warmblood gelding was diagnosed with a
cystolith and a cystotomy through an open left para- inguinal approach was performed. Seven days after surgery, the horse presented with pyrexia, dullness and colic. Diagnostic testing and renal transabdomi- nal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a right- sided pyelone- phritis. Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a pure growth of extended- spectrum beta- lactamases- producing E. cloacae complex bacteria with resistance against beta- lactams, aminoglyco- side and trimethoprim- sulphonamide classes. Treatment included pro- longed oral antimicrobials according to susceptibility testing results (enrofloxacin), judicious use of nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, fluid therapy and gastric ulcer prophylaxis. The horse recovered suc- cessfully and is currently in good health 5 years after treatment. Once the infection resolved, unilateral renal scarring occurred. Multidrug- resistant upper- urinary infections can occur in horses
and should be considered in a post- surgical patient that develops fever. Early diagnosis, urine bacterial culturing and antimicrobial sus- ceptibility testing were crucial to the successful management of this case.
INBREEDING AND PREGNANCY LOSS
Excessive inbreeding increases the probability of uncovering homozygous recessive genotypes and has been associated with an increased risk of retained placenta and lower semen quality in horses. This study by Jessica
aaep.org/wiley-redirect Equine Vet Educ. 2024;36:282–283.
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