304


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than previously described laparoscopic techniques and effective in preventing re- herniation. In cases where owners wish to spare the animal ' s testicles to allow for unhampered masculine growth, the testes can be left in situ while the vaginal rings are effectively reduced. Nevertheless, if preferred, bilateral laparoscopic castra- tion is readily performed at the time of herniorrhaphy. A fast and uncomplicated postoperative recovery can be expected in oper- ated foals.


AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS T. Maurer and T.M. McEntee collected and analysed the retrospec- tive data, performed the follow- up interviews and prepared a first draft of the manuscript. I. Petruccione prepared the anaesthesia part of the manuscript. C. Koch, T. O ' Brien, M. Coleridge, T. Maurer and T.M. McEntee prepared the final version of the manuscript. All sur- geries were performed by the co- authors, and all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.


ACKNO WLE DGE MENTS We thank Dr Sophie Sage for assisting the statistical analysis, our colleagues at Fethard Equine Hospital and ISME equine clinic Bern for help with managing the cases and owners and referring veteri- narians for supplying follow- up information. Open access funding provided by Universitat Bern.


CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT No conflicts of interest have been declared.


FUNDING INFORMATION None.


ETHICS STATEMENT Retrospective study of archived medical records. Verbal or written informed client consent was given for use in retrospective studies.


ORCID Thimo Maurer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-5340 Matthew Coleridge https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-5731 Ilaria Petruccione https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-0400 Christoph Koch https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-6952


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