Received: 12 August 2024 | Accepted: 12 August 2024 DOI: 10.1111/eve.14042
R E S E A R CH HIGHL IGHT S Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers
CHEEK TOOTH REPULSION USING REPULSION PINS
This retrospective case series by UK- based Melissa Kamps and Safia Barakzai described the outcome for 20 cases after dental repulsion using small diameter repulsion pins . Clinical records of horses that underwent cheek tooth repulsion
were reviewed (2014–2023). Inclusion criteria included: mandibular or maxillary cheek tooth extraction where oral extraction failed and repulsion was used to complete extraction, and where clinical fol- low- up information was available. Repulsions were carried out under sedation with a regional nerve block or under a short general anaes- thetic, using a small diameter repulsion pin (3–5 mm). Intraoperative radiographs facilitated instrument placement. The alveolus was packed with polymethyl methacrylate post- extraction. Horses were re- examined at 4–6 weeks post- operatively. The 20 cases had a mean age of 10.3 years old (range: 5–16 years). The majority (75%) of teeth had pre- existing dental
fractures.
Maxillary ( n = 15) and mandibular cheek teeth ( n = 5) were all suc- cessfully repulsed, with 16 cases performed with the horse standing and four with the horse under general anaesthesia. Intraoperative complications included damage to the mandibular bone ( n = 1). Short- term complications ( n = 2) included superficial surgical site infection, and dehiscence of one sinus flap. Long- term complications included the recurrence of sinusitis ( n = 1) and small intra- alveolar fragments causing persistent biting problems in another patient. When oral extraction fails, cheek tooth repulsion using small di-
ameter repulsion pins is an effective extraction technique. The total intra and post- operative complication rate was 25%.
STAPHYLOCOCCI IN HOSPITALISED HORSES
This study by Giovane Olivo and co- workers in Brazil investigated the prevalence of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) in hos- pitalised horses and contacting personnel (veterinarians and staff) and assessed possible interspecies transmission in a teaching veterinary hospital . Nasal swabs from horses ( n = 131) and humans ( n = 35) were
collected. The microorganisms were identified by traditional bio- chemical tests and genotypic methods, that is, PCR, internal tran- script spacer PCR (ITS- PCR) and gene sequencing. Staphylococcal species were isolated in 18% (23/131) of the horses, of which 8%
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IPSILATERAL LAMENESS MOVEMENT ASYMMETRY
This study by Kari Means and co- workers in the United States aimed to determine associations between vertical pelvic movement asymmetry and location of primary lameness in ipsilateral combined forelimb and hindlimb lameness cases where hindlimb lameness is solely impact or push- off type . Cases with a consistent, low- variability ipsilateral impact or ipsi-
lateral push- off hindlimb lameness in a straight- line trot and that had definitive diagnoses were identified from a body- mounted inertial
aaep.org/wiley-redirect Equine Vet Educ. 2024;36:562–563.
(11/131) were S. hyicus , 4% (5/131) were S. aureus , 4% (5/131) were S. pseudintermedius , and 2% (2/131) were S. schleiferi subsp. coagu- lans. The mecA gene was detected in an S. pseudintermedius isolate. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated in 40% (14/35) of the human sam- ples, all of which were S. aureus . In four samples of S. aureus , the clonal profile ST398 was identified; among them, a clonal similarity of 98.1% was observed between a horse and a contacting human. This finding supports the need for biosecurity measures to avoid the spread of multidrug- resistant staphylococci in humans and horses.
TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFONAMIDE TREATMENT IN FOALS
This review article by Kajsa Gustafsson and co- workers in Italy, Australia and Belgium investigated whether trimethoprim- sulfonamide is a valid antimicrobial treatment in foals . Trimethoprim- sulfonamide (TMPS)
combinations are widely
used to treat a range of infectious diseases in horses, but some equine practitioners are reluctant to use them for treatment of both neonatal and older foals. Considering the emergence of increased antimicrobial resistance, the use of protected antimicrobials com- monly prescribed to foals should be avoided and alternative first- line therapy considered, where appropriate. The characteristics and pharmacokinetics of TMPS and its suit-
ability for treatment of foals were examined in this study. Data re- garding dosage and route of administration are reported based on recent publications in foals. This review shares significant informa- tion about the common infections that are most likely responsive to TMPS treatment in foals and, as such, where TMPS might be consid- ered a suitable first- line therapeutic option.
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