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Hall , T.L. , Magdesian , K.G. & Kittleson , M.D. ( 2010 ) Congenital cardiac defects in neonatal foals: 18 cases (1992- 2007) . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , 24 ( 1 ), 206 – 212 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1111/j. 1939- 1676. 2009. 0445. x


Kohnken , R. , Schober , K. , Godman , J. , Gardner , A. , Jenkins , T. , Schroeder , E. et al. ( 2018 ) Double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (Taussig- Bing anomaly) and other complex congenital cardiac malformations in an American Quarter Horse foal . Journal of Veterinary Cardiology , 20 ( 1 ), 64 – 72 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. jvc. 2017. 10. 005


Krüger , M.U. , Wünschmann , A. , Ward , C. & Stauthammer , C.D. ( 2016 ) Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right ventricle in an Arabian foal . Journal of Veterinary Cardiology , 18 ( 3 ), 284 – 289 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. jvc. 2016. 04. 002


Marr , C.M. & Bowen , I.M. ( 2010 ) Cardiology of the horse , 2nd edition . New York : Saunders .


McGurrin , M.K. , Physick- Sheard , P.W. & Southorn , E. ( 2003 ) Parachute left atrioventricular valve causing stenosis and regurgitation in a thor- oughbred foal . Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , 17 ( 4 ), 579 – 582 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1111/j. 1939- 1676. 2003. tb024 82. x


Meurs , K.M. , Miller , M.W. , Hanson , C. & Honnas , C. ( 1997 ) Tricuspid valve atresia with main pulmonary artery atresia in an Arabian foal . Equine Veterinary Journal , 29 ( 2 ), 160 – 162 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1111/j. 2042- 3306. 1997. tb016 61. x


Michaëlsson , M. & Ho , S.Y. ( 2000 ) Congenital heart malformations in mam- mals: an illustrated text . London : Imperial College Press .


Michlik , K.M. , Biazik , A.K. , Henklewski , R.Z. , Szmigielska , M.A. , Nicpoń , J.M. & Pasławska , U. ( 2014 ) Quadricuspid aortic valve and a ven- tricular septal defect in a horse . BMC Veterinary Research , 10 , 142 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1186/ 1746- 6148- 10- 142


SUMERFIELD and TOBOROWSKY


Reef , V.B. ( 1985 ) Cardiovascular disease in the equine neonate . Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice , 1 ( 1 ), 117 – 129 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/ s0749 - 0739(17) 30772 - 1


Rossdale , P.D. ( 1967 ) Clinical studies on the newborn thoroughbred foal. II. Heart rate, auscultation and electrocardiogram . The British Veterinary Journal , 123 ( 12 ), 521 – 532 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/ s0007 - 1935(17) 39652 - 5


Scansen , B.A. ( 2019 ) Equine congenital heart disease . Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice , 35 ( 1 ), 103 – 117 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. cveq. 2018. 11. 001


Schober , K.E. , Kaufhold , J. & Kipar , A. ( 2000 ) Mitral valve dysplasia in a foal . Equine Veterinary Journal , 32 ( 2 ), 170 – 173 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 2746/ 04251 64007 77591589


Taylor , S.E. , Else , R.W. & Keen , J.A. ( 2007 ) Congenital aortic valve dyspla- sia in a Clydesdale foal . Equine Veterinary Education , 19 , 463 – 468 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 2746/ 09577 7307X 236347


van der Luer , R.J. & van der Linde- Sipman , J.S. ( 1978 ) A rare con- genital cardiac anomaly in a foal . Veterinary Pathology , 15 ( 6 ), 776 – 778 . Available from: https:// doi. org/ 10. 1177/ 03009 85878 01500610


How to cite this article: Sumerfield , T. & Toborowsky , C. ( 2024 ) Congenital valvular dysplasia in the horse . Equine Veterinary Education , 36 , 568 – 570 . Available from: https://doi. org/10.1111/eve.14034


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