Received: 29 March 2023 | Accepted: 25 March 2024 DOI: 10.1111/eve.13979_1
C A S E R E POR T
Aortic, mitral and tricuspid valvular dysplasia in a 7- month- old colt
Jillian Bell 1 | Patrick Shearer 2 | Josephine Hale 3 | Kristopher J. Hughes 1
1 School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , New South Wales , Australia 2 IDEXX Laboratories Pty Ltd, Unit 124 , Mount Waverley , Victoria , Australia 3 Equine Specialist Hospital , University of Queensland , Gatton , Queensland , Australia
Correspondence: Jillian Bell Email:
jbell@csu.edu.au
SUMMARY
A 7- month- old Warmblood cross colt presented for assess- ment of a distal limb wound. The colt was in poor body condi- tion and had a rough, dull coat. Cardiac auscultation revealed a grade 5/6 pansystolic murmur on the left side and grade 4/6 continuous murmur on the left and right sides and a regular car- diac rhythm. Electrocardiographic examination revealed sinus tachycardia. Two- dimensional (2D) echocardiographic imaging detected diffuse thickening of the septal leaflet and parietal leaflet of the mitral valve and marked and diffuse thickening of the right, left and non-coronary cusps of the aortic valve (Figure 1). 2D imaging of the left atrium and M- mode imaging of the left ventricle during systole and diastole showed atrial and ventricular enlargement. Doppler assessment of the mi- tral valve annulus revealed marked regurgitation throughout
systole. Doppler imaging of the aortic valve showed marked regurgitation throughout diastole and turbulent blood flow through systole. Findings were consistent with marked insuf- ficiency of the aortic and mitral valves, due to abnormal valve structure and function. The haemodynamic consequences of the valvular insufficiency included dilation of the left atrium and left ventricle, consistent with volume overload. The colt was subjected to euthanasia and post-mortem examination revealed cardiomegaly and tan discolouration with nodular thickening of the leaflets of the mitral valve and thickening of one leaflet of the tricuspid valve. The left, right and non-coro- nary cusps of the aortic valve were thickened by focal smooth tan nodules. Histopathologic examination of the mitral and aortic valves was consistent with valvular dysplasia.
K E YWORDS horse , aortic valve dysplasia , echocardiography , mitral valve dysplasia , tricuspid valve dysplasia , valvular dysplasia
Key points
• Dysplasia of the mitral, tricuspid and aortic valves has not been previously reported in horses.
• Congenital cardiac abnormalities should be considered in foals with historical and clinical evidence of cardiopulmo- nary dysfunction.
FIGURE 1 Right parasternal short axis view showing thickening of the cusps of the aortic valve (red asterisks).
• Definitive diagnosis of valvular dysplasia was determined by gross and histopathologic examination.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. © 2024 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Education published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
Equine Vet Educ. 2024;36:567.
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