CLOSED INGUINAL CASTRATION TECHNIQUE COMPARED WITH FIELD CASTRATIONS


castrations. This suggests that closed inguinal castration induces a significantly and markedly lower inflammatory response compared to the field castrations presented.


AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Dirk Jan Riemersma: Conceptualization; data curation; formal analy- sis; investigation; methodology; project administration; resources; supervision; visualization; writing – original draft. Gerold Fahlbusch: Data curation; formal analysis; methodology; writing – review and editing. Astrid B. M. Rijkenhuizen: Data curation; formal analysis; investigation; writing – review and editing.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Dr. Monika Heinzel- Gutenbrunner of MH Statistical Consultancy ( http:// www. Stati stik- Berat ung. net ) for her profes- sional statistical analysis of the data. Dr. Heinzel- Gutenbrunner is a statistician at the Philipps University of Marburg, Germany.


FUNDING INFORMATION There are no funders to report for this submission.


CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT No conflicts of interest have been declared.


ETHICS STATEMENT The subjects were normal patients undergoing a routine surgical procedure as demanded by the owners, with full consent of the used surgical procedure.


ORCID Dirk Jan Riemersma https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2868-4146 Gerold Fahlbusch https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3384-5503 Astrid B. M. Rijkenhuizen https://orcid. org/0000-0002-2757-6814


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