CLOSED INGUINAL CASTRATION TECHNIQUE COMPARED WITH FIELD CASTRATIONS
| 591
FIGURE 5 Three groups of different post- operative serum amyloid A values (Negative, Moderate and High) related to the age of the horses. Presenting mean (solid line), 50% range (blue box), range of data (vertical line) and exceptional values (°).
FIGURE 6 Three groups of different post- operative serum amyloid A values (SAA) related to their respective values. Presenting mean (solid line), 50% range (blue box) and range of data (vertical line).
DISCUSSION
The inflammatory response to a surgical procedure is caused by trauma and infection and determines the quality and duration of the p.o. healing process. For this reason, modern equine surgery relies on minimally invasive techniques whenever possible. Since Valdez et al. ( 1979 ) presented a minimally invasive inguinal ap- proach for cryptorchidectomy (Adams & Fessler, 2000 ; Turner & McIlwraith, 1989 ), it was a logic step to develop an inguinal ap- proach for normal castrations over unilateral cryptorchids (Keller et al., 1996 ; Sedrish & Leonard, 2001 ). Although the advantages of an inguinal approach have been presented (Keller et al., 1996 ; Kummer et al., 2009 ; Riemersma, 2005 ; Sedrish & Leonard, 2001 ) a scrotal approach is still the standard in castrations (Baldwin, 2024 ; Schumacher, 2012 ) and was accordingly used by the authors of the
four field castration studies (Bergstrom et al., 2021 ; Busk et al., 2010 ; Haucke et al., 2017 ; Jacobsen et al., 2005 ). The closed inguinal castration, used in this study, shows a sig-
nificantly lower inflammatory response than reported in the four referred field castration studies (Table 3 ). The third- day p.o. value of SAA quantified to be 5–7.5 times less than the four referred investigations on field castrations, in which the routine use of in- tra- and p.o. anti- inflammatory medication might have under- estimated the inflammatory response. Twenty- six horses (51%, statistic median) in this study showed no measurable elevation in SAA (Figure 4 , Table 1 ). The average p.o. SAA of 47 horses (92%) was only 27 mg/L. The four horses in this study which/show (ing) ex- treme values of p.o. SAA, comparable with average field castrations (>500 mg/L), may have suffered additional inflammatory responses (Table 2 ). These horses were discharged without clinical symptoms
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92
