USING EXOSOMES FOR RESOLVING MARE ENDOMETRITIS
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second exosomal treatment that showed the regression of fibrous tissue and restoration of healthy endometrial glands with nor- mal epithelium with residual oedema in the stratum spongiosum (Figure 4 ).
Ultrasound evaluation before and after exosomal treatment
B- mode uterine morphometry
As day −1 and day 0 after the 3rd treatment represent the same stage of the oestrous cycle, both uterine horns thickness/mm af- fected significantly ( p = 0.001) by exosomes treatment, as uterine horn thickness was decreased after treatment at day 0 of the 3rd ovulation (10.25 ± 0.02) when compared to day −1 before treat- ment (14.44 ± 1.41), while their values during treatment at first and second ovulations days were not different, also the thick- ness of uterine body and diameter/mm were declined ( p = 0.02) after treatment at day 0 of the 3rd ovulation (11.88 ± 1.11 and 10.95 ± 0.99) when compared to day −1 before treatment (19.09 ± 1.01 and 13.26 ± 1.82). No inflammatory fluid retention was observed in the uterine
lumen after this intervention, similar to what was detected during all the ultrasound clinical evaluations performed in the past.
Colour mode uterine haemodynamics
FIGURE 3 The uterus of a mare with histopathological examination showing severe (a) and moderate (b) periglandular fibrosis of equine endometrium mixed with inflammation with presence of organised fibrous tissue with glandular atrophy and newly formed blood vessels with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration (c).
As shown in Table 1 , the uterine body- coloured area and total uter- ine coloured areas/pixels were significantly ( p = 0.01) elevated at day 0 of the 3rd ovulation (2254 ± 21.41 and 3854 ± 15.51) when com- pared to day −1 before treatment (1854 ± 11.29 and 3262 ± 33.05) while their values during treatment at first and second ovulations days were not different, uterine artery blood flow parameters (pulsa- tility index, resistance index and end- diastolic points) did not change before, during and after treatment, but both blood flow rate and peak systolic velocity were significantly ( p = 0.01) elevated at day 0 of the 3rd ovulation (81.13 ± 5.25 and 20.01 ± 0.01) when compared
FIGURE 4 Histopathological examination of the mare ' s uterus after treatment showing normal healthy glandular tissue (a) with minimal periglandular fibrosis (b). H&E 100×.
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