IMAGING: SCANS, SESAMOIDS, AND SUBCHONDRAL CHANGES


Fig. 4. T square to view the ventral plane of the hoof to the ven- tral plane of the frog.


Fig. 3. Estimating sole depth ventral to the solar margin of P3 by probing the frog sulcus at the apex of the frog.


visualized using a “T” square fitted with a tendon stay. To use the T square, hold the leg in the nor- mal shoeing position, allowing the pastern to hang free. The long arm of the “T” with the tendon stay is positioned mid-cannon over the tendon bundle as the short arm of the “T” is slid up to the solar surface of the hoof to the heels (Fig. 4). Evaluation of the mediolateral balance of the foot is made here, noting the length or lack of hoof to the ven- tral plane of the frog. The palmarodorsal balance is evaluated in two planes from the COR-P3 LOA. With the foot flexed toward the “T,” the short arm of the T square is slid dorsally to the point of the COR-P3 LOA. From this view, the direction of break-over at the toe and excess hoof above the horizonal plane of the “T” can be visualized. In the mediolateral plane, the foot is balanced to the “T” when the solar surface of the hoof stays level to the “T” as the foot is flexed toward it from heel to toe. In the palmarodorsal plane, the hoof is bal- anced when both the palmar and dorsal planes are level to the “T” with the dorsal plane slightly lower creating a cranial radius.


Evaluating the Craniocaudal Balance of the Foot


The craniocaudal balance of the foot can be evaluated by measuring the hoof-pastern axis (HPA) of that leg with a goniometer.d To measure: Posture the leg with


430 2022 / Vol. 68 / AAEP PROCEEDINGS


the cannon bone at 90° to the ground with the pastern extended in the weight-bearing position by lifting the opposite leg. Place the goniometer on the dorsal crest of the hoof with 1 armextending distally from the cor- onet band and the other arm extending proximally from the coronet in a parallel line to the dorsal aspect of P1. The goniometer is expressed in degrees and the optimumreading would be a 0° axis. Although the HPA is beyond the scope of this paper, the reason for the procedure described is that it simulates the early weight-bearing phase of the stride, whereas a bal- anced distal limb is set up for a cranial rotation of P3 before full weight-bearing of the leg. The HPA has a direct relationship to the palmar angle (PA) of P3; a 2° PA increasewill extend theHPA 5°.16


Trimming and Shoeing Method


1. After evaluation of the foot as described above, any excess hoof wall in the dorsal or palmar planes about the COR-P3 LOA of the hoof is removed. If any areas in the palmar or dorsal planes of the hoof lack sufficient depth, this area of the hoof is built up with an acrylic polymere (Fig. 5); in some cases, thismay be the entire pe- rimeter of the hoof.


2. The hoof is assessedwith a “T” square as described and evaluated forML and PDbalance to theCOR- P3 LOA. The hoof is trimmed in 2 planes to the COR-P3 LOA. First the toe is rockered back to the COR-P3 LOA and then the heels are leveled pal- mar tothe COR-P3 LOA parallel totheangleof the central frog sulcus. The hoof is viscoelastic17 and can decompress and become unlevel through the solar plane during the trimming process; this may require several evaluations with the “T” square forML and PDadjustments.Consideration to the ventral depth of the foot is maintained through the trimming process. The radius of the 2- plane trim may allow some PA adjustment as the


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