from surgery, 24 (96.0%) foals and 66 (88.0%) adults survived short-term. Of 16 nonsurviving foals, 15 (93.75%)were euthanized intraoperatively and 1 (6.25%) was euthanized postoperatively. Of 38 nonsurviving adults, 28 (73.7%) were euthanized intraoperatively, and 10 were euthanized postoperatively. Resection had no significant effect on survival in either group (P=.6; 95% CI, 0.8–2.7). Survival analysis indicates foal short- term survival is not significantly different from adults (P=.44; 95% CI, 0.5–37.3). Long-term survival was col- lected when possible and was available for 13 adults and 5 foals. Of 13 adults and 5 foals, 2 adults and 2 foals were euthanized 1 month postoperatively for adhesions. Follow-up shows 84.62% survival in avail- able adults and 60% survival in available foals, though the cases availablewere too fewfor statistical analysis.
4. Discussion
The results of this study demonstrate no significant difference in outcome of surgically treated SISO foals
compared with adults. The clinical application of such findings supports more optimism toward surgical treatment of foals with SISO.
Acknowledgments
The Authors thank Emily Hellstrom for her assistance collecting long-term follow-up data. The authors also thank Megan Burke for coordinating case collection with the Ohio State University, and Alison Gardner at the Ohio State University for providing relevant cases.
Funding Sources
This research was funded by National Institutes of Health K01 OD 028207, National Institutes of Health P30 DK 034987, National Institutes of Health R01 HD095876, United States Department of Agriculture- AFRI-NIFA 2019-67017-29372,NCSU CVMVeterinary Faculty Practice Plan.
Declaration of Ethics
The Authors have adhered to the Principles of VeterinaryMedical Ethics of the AVMA.
Conflict of Interest The Authors have no conflicts of interest.